DNA elements that can move or be copied trom one site in the genome to another site are called

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HPSC Assistant Professor 2018 Botany (Official Paper)

Answer 1

The correct answer is Transposons

Concept:

DNA elements that can move or be copied from one site in the genome to another site are known as transposons.
Transposons, also called "jumping genes," are sequences of DNA that can change their position within the genome, potentially creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size.
They are a type of mobile genetic element and can be found in almost all organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals.

Explanation:

Transgenes: These are genes that have been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. They are not inherently mobile within the genome.
Translocons: These are complexes of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes. They are not DNA elements and do not move within the genome.
Transcriptome: This refers to the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time. It does not involve the movement of DNA elements within the genome.

Additional Information

Transposons can be classified into two major types: Class I transposons (retrotransposons) which move by a "copy and paste" mechanism through an RNA intermediate, and Class II transposons (DNA transposons) which move by a "cut and paste" mechanism directly as DNA.
Barbara McClintock, a pioneering scientist, discovered transposons in maize (corn) in the 1940s, for which she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.
Transposons play significant roles in genome evolution and have been utilized as tools in genetic research and biotechnology for gene insertion, mutagenesis, and gene therapy studies.