Elaiosomes are associated with the dispersal of seeds by ants. Which of the following is not true of elaiosomes?

The correct answer is Elaiosomes are always green.

Concept:

• Elaiosomes are specialized structures attached to seeds, primarily involved in attracting ants for the purpose of seed dispersal.
• These structures are rich in lipids, proteins, and other nutrients, making them appealing to ants, which in turn help in the distribution of the seeds to various locations.
• The mutualistic relationship between ants and plants, facilitated by elaiosomes, is known as myrmecochory.

Explanation:

• Elaiosomes are always green: This statement is incorrect. Elaiosomes can vary in color and are not restricted to being green. They can be white, yellow, red, or even brown, depending on the plant species. The color does not play a significant role in their function, which is to attract ants.
• Elaiosomes arise as an outgrowth of raphe or hilum: This statement is correct. Elaiosomes typically develop as an outgrowth from the raphe (a ridge on the seed) or the hilum (the scar on the seed where it was attached to the ovary). These outgrowths are strategically positioned to be attractive to ants.
• The ants are attracted due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acid and ricinoleic acid: This statement is correct. Elaiosomes are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and ricinoleic acid, which are highly appealing to ants. These substances provide the necessary nutrients that ants seek, thus encouraging them to carry the seeds to their nests.
• They contain nutritive substances like proteins, lipids, starch, and vitamins: This statement is correct. Elaiosomes are packed with various nutritive substances, including proteins, lipids, starch, and vitamins. These nutrients make elaiosomes a valuable food source for ants, thereby facilitating the dispersal of the seeds.