Out of the four alternatives, choose the one which can be substituted for the given words/sentence. 

The science of the causes and effects of diseases

The correct answer is "Pathology"

Key Points

•  Let's understand the given one-words.
  • Pathology: Pathology is the scientific study of diseases, including their causes, development, and effects on the body. 
  • Anthropology: Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings, including their culture, society, and physical characteristics.
  • Alienation: Alienation is the feeling of being isolated, disconnected, or estranged from others, often as a result of a lack of social or emotional connection.
  • Cardiology: Cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
• Thus, as per the above explanation the most appropriate one word for the given group of words is "Pathology"

Correct answer: Pathology