The questions of whether a measure that is devised for a concept really does reflect the concept that it is supposed to be denoting, relates to

The correct answer is Measurement validity.
Important Points
The issue you're describing relates to measurement validity, which addresses the question of how well a test or tool measures the construct that it was designed to measure.

In other words, measurement validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores for proposed uses of tests.

• It's about ensuring that the method of measurement matches what you intend to measure and not something else unintentionally.

For example, if you create a questionnaire to measure job satisfaction, you want to ensure that the questions in your survey are truly reflecting and assessing job satisfaction and not some other construct (like general life satisfaction or happiness).

• The other types of validity listed - ecological validity, internal validity, and external validity - relate to other aspects of research design and results:
• Ecological validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to real-world settings.
• Internal validity refers to how well a study is conducted (its structure) and how sure we can be that the variables in the study caused the results.
• External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people.

Thus, the best answer to your question is  Measurement validity.