Which of the following statements about the hysteresis loop of magnetic materials is correct?

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SSC JE Electrical 06 Jun 2024 Shift 2 Official Paper - 1

The area of the hysteresis loop of a hard material as well as a soft material is not dependent on temperature.
The area of the hysteresis loop of a hard material is greater than that of the soft material.
The area of the hysteresis loop of a hard material is less than that of the soft material.
The hysteresis loops of hard and soft materials are of the same area.

Answer 1

Explanation:

Soft Magnets:

Soft magnets have a narrow hysteresis curve and high initial permeability and hence easy to magnetize and demagnetize.

Hard Magnets:

Hard magnets have a broad hysteresis curve and low initial permeability and hence hard to magnetize and demagnetize.

RRB JE EC 79 11 Q magnetic materials and Jointing of wires Hindi images madhu and shashi Q3

Magnetic susceptibility (χm): It is the property of the substance which shows how easily a substance can be magnetized.

Since electromagnetic materials acquire magnetic property quickly, they have to be highly susceptible to magnetism.

Also, as soon as the current flow ceases, the material stops behaving as an electromagnet. This indicates that the material has a low capacity to retain the magnetic properties and hence, it must have low retentivity.
Soft iron is known to have low retentivity and high susceptibility to magnetism. Therefore electromagnets are made using soft iron.

The difference between soft magnetic materials & hard magnetic materials is as shown:

Sr. No.	Soft Magnetic Materials	Hard Magnetic Materials
1	Soft magnetic materials are those materials which have a smaller area enclosed by their Hysteresis loop	Hard magnetic materials are those materials that have a Larger area enclosed by their Hysteresis loop
2	They have low remnant magnetization	They have high remnant magnetization
3	They have low coercivity	They have high coercivity
4	They have high initial permeability	They have low initial permeability
5	Hysteresis loss is less	Hysteresis loss is higher
6	Eddy current loss is less	Eddy current loss is more for metallic types and low for ceramic types.
7	Used in transformer cores, motors, generators, electromagnets, etc.	Used in making permanent magnets, magnetic separators, magnetic detectors, speakers, microphones, etc.