Why does a bee sting cause pain and irritation?

The correct answer is The sting injects methanoic acid.

Key Points

• Bee stings cause pain and irritation because they inject methanoic acid (formic acid), which is a toxic substance.
• Methanoic acid triggers a localized inflammatory reaction, leading to redness, swelling, and pain at the sting site.
• The venom also contains proteins that affect skin cells and the immune system, further aggravating the irritation.
• The acidic nature of the venom lowers the pH at the sting site, intensifying the burning sensation.
• Immediate treatment such as neutralizing the acid with a mild base (like baking soda) can help alleviate the discomfort.

Additional Information

• Methanoic Acid (Formic Acid):
  • A simple carboxylic acid with the chemical formula HCOOH.
  • Commonly found in nature, including in ant venom and bee stings.
• Bee Venom:
  • A complex mixture of proteins, peptides, and enzymes.
  • It contains compounds such as melittin, which can cause pain and inflammation.
• Inflammatory Response:
  • The body’s natural reaction to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain.
  • Involves the release of histamines and other chemicals that increase blood flow to the affected area.
• First Aid for Bee Stings:
  • Remove the stinger by scraping it off with a blunt object (e.g., a credit card).
  • Wash the area with soap and water, then apply a cold pack to reduce swelling.
  • Neutralize the acid with a baking soda paste or apply an antihistamine cream for relief.
• Precautionary Measures:
  • Avoid provoking bees or disturbing their hives.
  • Wear protective clothing when in areas with a high bee population.