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Microbiology In Nursing MCQ Quiz in বাংলা - Objective Question with Answer for Microbiology In Nursing - বিনামূল্যে ডাউনলোড করুন [PDF]

Last updated on Mar 21, 2025

পাওয়া Microbiology In Nursing उत्तरे आणि तपशीलवार उपायांसह एकाधिक निवड प्रश्न (MCQ क्विझ). এই বিনামূল্যে ডাউনলোড করুন Microbiology In Nursing MCQ কুইজ পিডিএফ এবং আপনার আসন্ন পরীক্ষার জন্য প্রস্তুত করুন যেমন ব্যাঙ্কিং, এসএসসি, রেলওয়ে, ইউপিএসসি, রাজ্য পিএসসি।

Latest Microbiology In Nursing MCQ Objective Questions

Top Microbiology In Nursing MCQ Objective Questions

Microbiology In Nursing Question 1:

In following which stain is also known as acid fast stain

  1. Albert stain
  2. Ziehl Neelsen stain
  3. Pasteur's stain
  4. Lister stain

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Ziehl Neelsen stain

Microbiology In Nursing Question 1 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Rationale:
  • The Ziehl-Neelsen stain, also known as the acid-fast stain, is a special bacteriological stain used to identify acid-fast organisms, mainly Mycobacteria. The most notable of these organisms is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.
  • This staining technique involves the application of a primary stain (carbol fuchsin), which is then heated to allow the dye to penetrate the waxy cell wall of acid-fast bacteria. After cooling, the slide is decolorized with acid-alcohol, which does not remove the primary stain from acid-fast cells. Finally, a counterstain (methylene blue) is applied, which stains non-acid-fast cells.
  • The result is that acid-fast bacteria retain the red color of the primary stain, while non-acid-fast cells appear blue. This differential staining helps in the diagnosis of diseases caused by acid-fast bacteria.
Explanation of Other Options:
Albert stain
  • Rationale: Albert stain is used for the demonstration of metachromatic granules in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the bacterium that causes diphtheria. It is not used for identifying acid-fast organisms.
Pasteur's stain
  • Rationale: Pasteur's stain is not a standard or commonly recognized staining technique in microbiology. It might refer to various stains used by Louis Pasteur in his experiments, but it is not associated with acid-fast staining.
Lister stain
  • Rationale: Lister stain is not a recognized staining technique in microbiology literature. It may refer to techniques used by Joseph Lister, known for his work in antisepsis, but it is not related to acid-fast staining.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, the Ziehl-Neelsen stain is the correct choice for identifying acid-fast bacteria. This staining method is crucial in the diagnosis and study of diseases such as tuberculosis, highlighting its importance in microbiological diagnostics.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 2:

In following which substance is used for decolorizing the slide during Gram's staining

  1. Gention voilet
  2. Iodine
  3. Acetone
  4. Dilute carbol fuschin solution

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Acetone

Microbiology In Nursing Question 2 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Acetone
Rationale:
  • In Gram staining, acetone (or a mixture of acetone and alcohol) is used as a decolorizing agent. This step is crucial as it differentiates Gram-positive from Gram-negative bacteria based on the composition of their cell walls.
  • Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer that retains the crystal violet-iodine complex even after decolorization, whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer that does not retain the complex, allowing the counterstain to be taken up.
Explanation of Other Options:
Gentian Violet
  • Rationale: Gentian violet (crystal violet) is the primary stain in Gram staining. It is used at the beginning of the procedure to stain all the cells purple. It is not used for decolorizing.
Iodine
  • Rationale: Iodine is used as a mordant in Gram staining. It forms a complex with crystal violet, which helps to fix the dye within the bacterial cell wall. It does not serve as a decolorizing agent.
Dilute Carbol Fuchsin Solution
  • Rationale: Dilute carbol fuchsin solution is not used in the Gram staining process. It is typically used in other staining techniques, such as the Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacteria.
Conclusion:
  • In the Gram staining procedure, acetone is correctly used as the decolorizing agent. It plays a critical role in distinguishing Gram-positive from Gram-negative bacteria based on their cell wall properties. The other substances listed have different roles or are used in different staining techniques.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 3:

A substance originated by organisms from outside the body of patient is known as

  1. Endogenous
  2. Exudate
  3. Exogenous
  4. Expiration

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Exogenous

Microbiology In Nursing Question 3 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Exogenous
Rationale:
  • Exogenous refers to substances that originate from outside the body. These substances can be introduced into the body through various means such as ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption through the skin. In medical terms, exogenous agents can include drugs, toxins, or pathogens that are external and affect the body from the outside.
  • Exogenous factors can play a significant role in the development or exacerbation of diseases and conditions. For example, exposure to exogenous pathogens can lead to infections, while exogenous toxins can cause poisoning or other health issues.
Explanation of Other Options:
Endogenous
  • Rationale: Endogenous substances are those that originate from within the body. These can include hormones, enzymes, and other biochemical agents that are produced by the body's own cells and tissues. Unlike exogenous substances, endogenous agents are naturally occurring within the organism.
Exudate
  • Rationale: Exudate refers to fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues. This fluid is often associated with inflammation and can contain cells, proteins, and other solutes. Exudate is typically a response to injury or infection within the body, helping to bring immune cells and factors to the affected area.
Expiration
  • Rationale: Expiration, in a biological context, refers to the process of exhaling air out of the lungs. It is part of the respiratory cycle and is the opposite of inspiration, which is the inhalation of air into the lungs. Expiration is essential for removing carbon dioxide from the body and maintaining proper gas exchange.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, exogenous is the correct term for substances originating from outside the body of the patient. Understanding the differences between exogenous and endogenous, as well as the specific meanings of exudate and expiration, is crucial for accurately describing various biological and medical phenomena.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 4:

Mantoux test is used to detect-

  1. Leprosy
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Syphilis
  4. Tetanus

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Tuberculosis

Microbiology In Nursing Question 4 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Tuberculosis
Rationale:
  • The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test (TST), is used to detect an individual's immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB).
  • In the Mantoux test, a small amount of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected just beneath the surface of the skin, usually on the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, the injection site is examined for induration (swelling).
  • The size of the induration is measured and interpreted based on the individual's risk factors and history of TB exposure. A larger induration may indicate TB infection.
Explanation of Other Options:
Leprosy
  • Rationale: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is diagnosed through clinical signs, skin smears, and biopsies, rather than the Mantoux test.
Syphilis
  • Rationale: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Diagnosis is typically done through blood tests like the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test or the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test, not the Mantoux test.
Tetanus
  • Rationale: Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. It is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms such as muscle stiffness and spasms. The Mantoux test is not used for diagnosing tetanus.
Conclusion:
  • The Mantoux test is specifically designed to detect tuberculosis. It is an essential tool for diagnosing latent TB infection and determining the need for further medical evaluation and treatment. Other infections like leprosy, syphilis, and tetanus have their own specific diagnostic tests and are not detected using the Mantoux test.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 5:

Which type of WBC play role in infections caused by helminthes group-

  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Monocytes

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Eosinophils

Microbiology In Nursing Question 5 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Eosinophils
Rationale:
  • Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell (WBC) that play a crucial role in the body's immune response, particularly in combating parasitic infections caused by helminths (worms). They are part of the innate immune system and are known for their ability to attack and destroy large parasites by releasing toxic granules and enzymes.
  • Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus and are characterized by their large, red-staining granules in the cytoplasm. These granules contain enzymes and proteins, such as peroxidase and major basic protein, that are effective in killing helminths.
Explanation of Other Options:
Basophils
  • Rationale: Basophils are the least common type of WBC and play a role in allergic reactions and inflammation. They release histamine and other chemicals that contribute to the body's inflammatory response but are not primarily involved in combating helminth infections.
Neutrophils
  • Rationale: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of WBC and are essential for responding to bacterial and fungal infections. They are the first line of defense during an infection but are not specialized for fighting helminths.
Monocytes
  • Rationale: Monocytes are a type of WBC that differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells. They play a role in phagocytosis and antigen presentation, helping to regulate the immune response. While they contribute to the overall immune defense, they are not specifically targeted at helminth infections.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, eosinophils are the white blood cells primarily involved in the immune response against helminth infections. Their specialized granules and enzymes make them effective in targeting and destroying these large parasites, distinguishing them from other types of WBCs that have different roles in the immune system.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 6:

When the cells are invaded by a virus, they produce an antiviral protein which is called- 

  1. Interferons
  2. Hapten
  3. Antigenic determinant
  4. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Interferons

Microbiology In Nursing Question 6 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Interferons
Rationale:
  • Interferons are a group of signaling proteins produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of viruses. These proteins help to inhibit viral replication within host cells, activate immune cells, and increase the host's defenses against infections.
  • When a cell is infected by a virus, it releases interferons, which then bind to receptors on neighboring cells. This binding initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the production of antiviral proteins, enhancing the cells' resistance to viral infection.
  • Interferons also play a role in the immune response by activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T cells, and promoting the destruction of infected cells.
Explanation of Other Options:
Hapten
  • Rationale: Haptens are small molecules that, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicit an immune response. Haptens themselves are not capable of producing an immune response unless attached to a carrier molecule. They are not antiviral proteins and do not play a direct role in the response to viral infections.
Antigenic determinant
  • Rationale: An antigenic determinant, also known as an epitope, is a specific part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. Antigenic determinants are critical for the immune response but are not antiviral proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections.
None of the above
  • Rationale: This option is incorrect because the correct answer, interferons, is provided in the list of options. Therefore, "None of the above" cannot be the correct choice.
Conclusion:
  • Interferons are crucial components of the immune response to viral infections. They help to inhibit viral replication, activate immune cells, and increase the body's defenses against pathogens. The other options, including hapten and antigenic determinant, do not serve the same function and are not directly involved in the antiviral response.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 7:

Which of the following does not constitutes specific resistance in the body-

  1. Antibodies
  2. Inflammation
  3. Specialized B and T lymphocyte cells
  4. None of these

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Inflammation

Microbiology In Nursing Question 7 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Inflammation
Rationale:
  • Specific resistance, also known as adaptive immunity, is the body's targeted defense against specific pathogens. It involves the identification and destruction of particular foreign invaders by the immune system.
  • Inflammation is a part of the body's nonspecific defense mechanism, also known as innate immunity. It is a general response to pathogens, injury, or irritation that involves the activation of white blood cells and other immune factors to eliminate the cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues, and establish tissue repair.
Explanation of Other Options:
Antibodies
  • Rationale: Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells in response to specific antigens. They play a crucial role in adaptive immunity by specifically recognizing and binding to pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
Specialized B and T lymphocyte cells
  • Rationale: B and T lymphocytes are essential components of the adaptive immune system. B cells produce antibodies, while T cells can directly kill infected host cells or help activate other immune cells. Both types of lymphocytes are highly specific to particular antigens, making them integral to specific resistance.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, inflammation is the process that does not constitute specific resistance in the body. Instead, it is a part of the body's innate immune response. Specific resistance is primarily mediated by antibodies and specialized B and T lymphocytes, which target specific pathogens with precision.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 8:

Which of the following is the part of specific resistance (third line defence)?

  1. Inflammation
  2. Antibodies
  3. W.B.C.
  4. Fever

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Antibodies

Microbiology In Nursing Question 8 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Antibodies
Rationale:
  • Antibodies are a crucial component of the body's specific immune response, also known as the third line of defense. They are produced by B cells (a type of white blood cell) and are specific to particular antigens present on pathogens.
  • The specific immune response is highly adaptive and can remember specific pathogens, providing long-term immunity. This is why vaccines, which stimulate the production of specific antibodies without causing disease, are effective in preventing illnesses.
Explanation of Other Options:
Inflammation
  • Rationale: Inflammation is part of the body's second line of defense, known as the non-specific immune response. It is a generalized response to injury or infection, aiming to isolate the affected area and prevent the spread of pathogens.
W.B.C. (White Blood Cells)
  • Rationale: White blood cells are involved in both the non-specific (second line) and specific (third line) immune responses. However, not all white blood cells are part of the specific immune response. For example, phagocytes are part of the non-specific defense.
Fever
  • Rationale: Fever is a component of the non-specific immune response. It is a systemic response to infection that increases body temperature to create an environment less favorable for pathogens and to enhance the efficiency of the immune system.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, antibodies are specifically part of the body's specific immune response, or third line of defense, providing targeted and long-lasting protection against specific pathogens.
```

Microbiology In Nursing Question 9:

The resistance offered by an organism to an infection, disease or other unwanted biological invasion is called-

  1. Sensitivity
  2. Species specificity
  3. Immunity
  4. All of these

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Immunity

Microbiology In Nursing Question 9 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Immunity
Rationale:
  • Immunity refers to the body's ability to resist or fend off infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasions. It is a complex system involving various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
  • The immune system has two main components: the innate immune system, which provides immediate but non-specific defense against pathogens, and the adaptive immune system, which provides a specific response to pathogens and retains memory for faster response upon future exposure.
  • Immunity can be acquired naturally through previous infections or artificially through vaccinations, which help the body develop specific defenses against particular pathogens.
Explanation of Other Options:
Sensitivity
  • Rationale: Sensitivity refers to the responsiveness of an organism or its cells to a stimulus. In the context of infection and disease, it often pertains to the susceptibility of an organism to be affected by a pathogen or the degree to which it can detect and respond to changes in its environment.
Species Specificity
  • Rationale: Species specificity refers to the unique characteristics and responses of different species to particular pathogens or environmental factors. It explains why certain diseases or infections only affect specific species and not others.
All of these
  • Rationale: "All of these" is not the correct answer because the question specifically asks for the term that describes the resistance offered by an organism to infection, disease, or biological invasion, which is best defined as "Immunity."
Conclusion:
  • Immunity is the correct term that describes the resistance an organism offers to infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasions. While sensitivity and species specificity are important concepts in understanding how organisms interact with pathogens, they do not specifically define the protective response that immunity does.

Microbiology In Nursing Question 10:

Passive immunity is obtained by injecting-

  1. Vaccines
  2. Antibiotics
  3. Antibodies
  4. Antigens

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Antibodies

Microbiology In Nursing Question 10 Detailed Solution

Correct Answer: Antibodies
Rationale:
  • Passive immunity is a form of immunity acquired by the transfer of antibodies from another individual. It provides immediate, but temporary, protection against pathogens.
  • Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that recognize and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. When injected into a person, these antibodies can provide immediate protection or aid in fighting off an existing infection.
  • This type of immunity does not involve the immune system generating its own response; rather, it relies on the direct introduction of antibodies that have been produced outside the body.
  • Examples of passive immunity include the transfer of maternal antibodies to a fetus through the placenta and the administration of antivenom to a person who has been bitten by a venomous snake.
Explanation of Other Options:
Vaccines
  • Rationale: Vaccines work by stimulating the body's own immune response to produce antibodies and memory cells that provide long-term protection against specific pathogens. This process is known as active immunity, not passive immunity.
Antibiotics
  • Rationale: Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. They do not provide immunity but rather kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They do not involve the immune system's production or use of antibodies.
Antigens
  • Rationale: Antigens are substances that the immune system recognizes as foreign and potentially harmful, prompting an immune response. The introduction of antigens leads to the production of antibodies and the development of active immunity, not passive immunity.
Conclusion:
  • Among the given options, antibodies are the correct choice for providing passive immunity. This type of immunity offers immediate, but temporary, protection and is achieved by the direct introduction of antibodies into the body.

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