Computer Hardware and Networking MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Computer Hardware and Networking - Download Free PDF

Key Points

• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet and other related services such as website building and virtual hosting.
• ISPs provide internet services through various technologies such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects.
• They also provide email services, domain registration, web hosting, and browser services.
• ISPs play a crucial role in facilitating communication, commerce, and entertainment in the digital age.

Important Points

• ISPs can be classified into different tiers based on their network infrastructure and range of services provided. Tier 1 ISPs have a global reach and interconnect with other Tier 1 networks without paying for IP transit. Tier 2 ISPs buy transit from Tier 1 networks and sell services to end-users. Tier 3 ISPs purchase internet transit from Tier 2 ISPs and focus on providing internet services to local or regional customers.
• Examples of ISPs include companies like Comcast, AT&T, Verizon, and Spectrum in the United States, and BT Group, Sky Broadband, and Virgin Media in the UK.

The correct answer is Transmission Control Protocol.

Key Points

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
  • TCP is a fundamental protocol of the Internet protocol suite.
  • It provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data packets over networks.
  • TCP breaks data into packets and ensures they reach their destination without errors or loss.
  • It manages the flow of data between computers or devices connected to the Internet.
  • TCP is widely used for applications such as web browsing, email, file transfer, and more.
  • It works in conjunction with the Internet Protocol (IP) to form the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Important Points

• Various Protocols and the layers on which they work in TCP/IP model are shown:

• Dot-matrix, drum printers, line printers, daisy-wheel printers and other early age printers were known as impact printers.
• Impact printers work by striking an ink ribbon against the paper or respective media.
• Ink-jet and laser printers and other modern-era printers do not use an ink ribbon and considered as non-impact printers.
• Non-impact printers require less maintenance than early age printers.

The correct answer is Communication
Key Points 

• An expansion card or ADD on Card is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or
  • expansion slot on a computer's motherboard, backplane, or riser card to add functionality to a computer system.
• Expansion cards allow the capacities and interfaces of a computer system to be adjusted to the tasks it will perform.
• These cards are commonly used for communication purposes,
  • enabling the computer to connect to networks (Ethernet or Wi-Fi), peripherals (USB, FireWire), or other devices (Bluetooth, serial ports).
    • They facilitate data transfer and communication between the computer and external devices or networks.

Additional Information 

•  Personal Computer (PC) card
  • The PC Card is a standard for the peripheral interface for laptop/notebook computers.
  • PC Cards are defined and developed by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association(PCMCIA), a group of industry organizations in the U.S.
• Modem
  • A modem card is an internal type of modem that is plugged into the PCI slot of a PC motherboard.
  • A modem is a communications device that allows a computer to send and receive data through telephone or cable lines.
• Video card
  • A video card is an integrated circuit that generates the video signal sent to a computer display.
  • It is also called a graphics card.
  • It contains a graphics processing unit (GPU), which is a processor dedicated to creating images, a digital-to-analog convertor, and memory chips that store display data.

The correct answer is 25 pins 

Concept:

RS-232 connectors, also known as DB25 connectors, usually have 25 pins. These pins are used for various purposes such as transmitting and receiving data, controlling handshaking signals, and providing power to connected devices.

• DB25 Connector: The RS-232 serial connector bus commonly uses a DB25 connector, which has 25 pins arranged in two rows.
• Communication Standard: RS-232 is a standard for serial communication between devices. It defines the electrical characteristics and signal levels for serial communication.
• Asynchronous Communication: RS-232 supports asynchronous communication, where data is sent without using a shared clock signal between the transmitting and receiving devices.
• Serial Ports: RS-232 is commonly used to connect devices such as computers, terminals, modems, printers, and various other peripherals via serial ports.
• Signal Pins: The 25 pins on the DB25 connector include pins for transmitting data (TXD), receiving data (RXD), control signals such as Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS), and ground pins.
• Voltage Levels: RS-232 signals typically use voltage levels of -3 to -15 volts for logic 1 (mark) and +3 to +15 volts for logic 0 (space).
• Limited Distance: Due to signal degradation over long distances and susceptibility to noise, RS-232 communication is typically limited to relatively short distances, such as a few meters to tens of meters.
• Superseded by USB: While RS-232 was once a widely used standard for serial communication, it has been largely superseded by USB (Universal Serial Bus) for connecting peripherals to computers due to USB's higher data transfer rates and other advantages.

The correct answer is a file server.

Key Points

• A file server is used to manage files on a server where it can be uploaded, shared or downloaded by other available systems which are connected to that network.
• It is a central server on a computer network that enables connected clients to access the server’s storage capacities.
• File servers offer users a central storage place for files on internal data media, which is available to all approved clients.
•  The server administrator defines strict guidelines regarding which client have access rights -
  • For example, the design or file authorizations of the particular file system empower the administrator to set which files can be seen and opened by a specific client or client group and whether information must be seen or added altered, or erased. 
• With file servers connected with the web and designed appropriately, clients can't just access the files through the neighborhood organization but also benefit from remote access. 
• This enables files to be accessed and saved on the file server even when users are on the go.
• All modern operating systems such as Windows, Linux, or macOS can be used on a file server, although the devices available in the network need to be compatible with the operating system.

The correct answer is Permanent magnetic storage.

Hard disk: 

• A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated as a hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile data storage device.
• Hard disk, Magnetic storage medium for a microcomputer. 
• Hard disks are flat, circular plates made of aluminum or glass and coated with magnetic material. 
• Hard disks for personal computers can store up to several gigabytes (billions of bytes) of information.

Important Points

Software is nothing but a set of instructions.

Softwares are majorly classified into two categories:

1) System Software

2) Application Software

• Application Software also referred to as end-user programs or productivity programs is software that aids the user in executing tasks like doing online research, jotting down notes, setting an alarm, graphics designing, keeping logs of accounts, performing calculations, or even playing games. They lie above the system software.
• They are different from system software in a way that they are used by the end-user and are specific in their functionality or tasks and perform the task that they are created to do. For example, the application Browser is specifically designed for the purpose of browsing the internet, or MS PowerPoint is an application used specifically for making presentations.
• Adobe Photoshop, MS Word, Antivirus Softwares are examples of Application Software.

Features of application software are as follows:

• Close to the user
• Easy to design
• More interactive
• Slow in speed
• Generally written in a high-level language
• Easy to understand
• Easy to manipulate and use
• Bigger in size and requires large storage space

System software:

• The system software is the set of programs that enables your computer's hardware devices and Application software to work together. 
• The system software is software designed to provide a platform for other software.
• System Software is designed to control the operation and extend the processing functionalities of a computer system.

Mail Merge:

• Mail merge consists of combining mail and letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings from a form letter.
• This feature is usually employed in a word processing document that contains fixed text (which is the same in each output document) and variables (which act as placeholders that are replaced by text from the data source).
• Some word processors can insert content from a database, spreadsheet, or table into text documents.
• It is a powerful tool for writing a personalized letter or e-mail to many people at the same time.
• It imports data from another source such as a spreadsheet and then uses that to replace placeholders throughout the message with the relevant information for each individual that is being messaged.

Advantage of Mail Merge:

1) It saves time and efforts

2) Producing mass mailings is much simplified, especially compared to the process of preparing individual letters or envelopes to many people.

Note:

Mail join, Mail copy, Mail insert are not computer terminologies.

Therefore, Mail Merge enables us to send the same letter to different persons in MS Word.​

Concept:

The data flow between the two devices can be in simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex modes.

Simplex: In Simplex, communication is unidirectional. Only one of the devices sends the data and the other one only receives the data.

Example: A CPU sends data while a monitor only receives data.

Half-Duplex: In half-duplex both the stations can transmit as well as receive but not at the same time. When one device is sending others can only receive and vice-versa

Example: A walkie-talkie.

Full Duplex: In Full-duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive at the same time.

Example: Mobile phones

Application:

• RS-232 is a bi-directional (Full duplex) point to point communication link.
• Two independent channels are established for two-way (Full-Duplex) communication.
• This can be better understood with the following diagram:

ROUTER:

• It is mainly a network layer device.
• It also works as a switch that routes the data packets based on IP-address.
• It compares the IP address against the routing table to determine the packets' best next-hop.

HUB:

• A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches that connect different stations.
• It regenerates incoming signals and copies them forward to multiple wires or all the ports.

BRIDGE:

• Operates at the data link layer.
• It regenerates incoming signals with filtering facility by reading MAC address, source, and destination.
• It is a single input single output device.

SWITCH:

• It is a multiport bridge with buffer & better efficiency.
• It is a data link layer device.
• It can perform error checking before forwarding data.

• WWW (World Wide Web) is a global network of servers linked by a common protocol, i.e. all the resources and users on the internet that are using the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is called as WWW.
• HTTP is an application layer protocol used for transferring information between computers on WWW.
• HTTP is based on a request/response standard between a client; usually the host and a server.

Various Protocols and the layers on which they work in TCP/IP model is shown:

An internet browser or simply called a browser is used to view a webpage.

It is used to access and view websites.

Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.

Important Point-

1. A mail Client is a desktop program that allows users to access their emails on their computer without having to log in via the web

2. An FTP Client is software designed to transfer files back-and-forth between a computer and a server over the Internet.

Gateway:

• It is a device that is used to connect multiple networks and passes packets from one network to another network.
• Technically, it is used to connect the system from one layer of TCP/IP to another layer of TCP/IP.
• A gateway device provides communication to a remote network or an autonomous system that is out of bounds for the host network nodes.
• Gateways serve as the entry and exit point of a network; all data routed inward or outward must first pass through and communicate with the gateway in order to use routing paths.

Other Networking Devices and their functions are:

Concept:

ROM- Read-Only Memory (ROM) chips are non-volatile memory that generally contains instructions for "booting" the computer (i.e. loading the operating system when the computer starts up).

For 2ⁿ × m ROM chips we have:

1. n address lines.

2. m bit data lines. 

The total capacity of ROM chips required = Number of ROM chips × Capacity of single ROM chip

Analysis:

Given, the capacity of single-chip = 2k × 8

Required capacity = 16k × 8

Number of ROM chips required = \(\frac{16k \times 8}{2k \times 8}\)

= 8