House Drainage MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for House Drainage - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Assertion (A): Incineration of waste significantly reduces waste volume.
• Reason (R): It converts waste into ash and gases through combustion.
• Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.
• Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials.
• Through this process, waste is converted into ash, flue gas, and heat, which significantly reduces the volume of waste.
• The ash that remains is usually a small fraction of the original waste volume, and the gases can be treated to reduce pollutants.

Additional Information

• Incineration is often used for the disposal of hazardous waste, medical waste, and solid waste.Modern incinerators are equipped with pollution control devices to capture harmful emissions and reduce environmental impact.
• Incineration can recover energy, which can be used to generate electricity or heat, making it a form of waste-to-energy technology.
• While incineration reduces the volume of waste, it is important to manage the resulting ash and emissions to minimize environmental harm.
• Alternative waste management methods, such as recycling and composting, should also be considered to reduce waste generation at the source.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3 only.

Key Points

• Toxic: Hazardous household waste (HHW) often contains substances that are toxic. These substances can be harmful or fatal when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Examples include pesticides, certain cleaning products, and some types of paint.
• Ignitable: Many HHW materials are ignitable, meaning they can catch fire easily under certain conditions. This includes items like gasoline, paint thinners, and lighter fluids.
• Reactive: Some HHW can be chemically unstable and may react violently, explode, or produce toxic fumes when exposed to certain conditions. Examples include certain types of batteries and pool chemicals.

Additional Information

• Degradable: The characteristic 'Degradable' is not typically used to classify HHW. While some hazardous materials may break down over time, this property does not contribute to their hazardous nature. Therefore, 'Degradable' is not included in the key characteristics of HHW.

The correct answer is Villages with sanitation plus solid and liquid waste management.

Key Points

• ODF+ (Open Defecation Free Plus) is a status given to villages that have achieved not only open defecation free status but also have a focus on maintaining overall village cleanliness through effective solid and liquid waste management.
• ODF+ status indicates that the village has sustainable practices in place to ensure that there is no return to open defecation and that it manages all types of waste properly.
• This holistic approach helps in improving the overall health and sanitation standards in the village, reducing the spread of diseases, and enhancing the quality of life for the villagers.
• ODF+ is part of the broader Swachh Bharat Mission in India, which aims to create clean and sanitary living conditions across the country.
• Villages achieving ODF+ status often serve as role models for other villages and contribute to the larger goal of making India a clean and healthy nation.

Additional Information

• ODF+ status requires continuous monitoring and community involvement to ensure the sustainability of sanitation practices.
• Training and awareness programs are often conducted to educate villagers about proper waste management techniques and the importance of maintaining hygiene.
• Government and non-governmental organizations often collaborate to provide necessary infrastructure and support to achieve and maintain ODF+ status.
• ODF+ is a step further than ODF (Open Defecation Free), which focuses primarily on the eradication of open defecation, by incorporating comprehensive waste management strategies.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• Assertion (A): The absence of basic sanitation facilities can promote the spread of waterborne diseases.
  • This statement is true because without proper sanitation, there is a higher risk of contaminants entering the water supply, which can lead to the spread of diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid.
• Reason (R): Without sanitation, human waste can contaminate water sources.
  • This statement is also true as human waste contains harmful pathogens that can easily contaminate water sources if not properly managed.

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Additional Information

• Contaminated water sources can lead to widespread health issues, particularly in areas with inadequate healthcare facilities.
• Improving sanitation infrastructure is crucial for public health, especially in developing countries.
• Access to clean water and sanitation is a basic human right and is essential for the well-being of communities.
• Efforts to improve sanitation should include proper waste disposal, safe drinking water, and hygiene education.

Explanation:

Considering macro climate helps in addressing regional issues like monsoons, snowfall, or desert heat.
Understanding micro climate ensures that the building design adapts to localized factors like:

• Sunlight exposure.
• Wind patterns.
• Surrounding vegetation and terrain.

Example in Practice:

A house in a hilly area would require proper insulation for macro climate cold weather and positioning to shield against micro climate winds.
Solar panels could be installed in south-facing directions to maximize energy efficiency.
This approach balances environmental sustainability with human comfort, aligning with green building practices.

Explanation:

The Victaulic joint is a flexible pipe joint that is frequently used for steel pipes, especially in systems that may experience movement or vibration. This joint uses a gasket and coupling system to create a watertight seal, making it ideal for high-pressure water systems and locations that require flexibility.

Additional Information

Expansion Joint:

• This type of joint is used in systems where pipes are subject to thermal expansion, allowing movement without causing stress on the pipe.

Collar Joint:

• Common in concrete pipes, collar joints help provide a secure connection by using a collar or sleeve over two pipe ends.

Simplex Joint:

• Often used in low-pressure systems, simplex joints are straightforward connections between pipes without additional reinforcement for flexibility or pressure resistance.

Explanation:

Benching:

• The sloped floor of a manhole or inspection chamber on both side and above the top of the channel is called benching.

Additional Information

Residual head:

• It is the pressure available at the tail end of the distribution system.

Barrel:

• It is that portion of a pipe in which its diameter and wall thickness remain uniform throughout.

Bedding:

• It is the support provided to pipe on the trench floor by concrete or any other suitable material.

Explanation:

Ductile Iron (DI) pipes:

• They are often used for water and wastewater lines, and they come in a wider range of diameters than most other pipe types.

Additional Information

Cement pipes (concrete pipes):

• It is used in drainage systems and for sewage, not typically for water supply.

Galvanized Iron (GI) pipes and Cast Iron (CI) pipes:

• They are also used in water supply systems.

Explanation:

Micro climate

• It is the localized climate of a specific area, influenced by factors such as buildings, vegetation, and terrain.

A building's orientation can determine:
Solar Gains: How much sunlight the building absorbs. For example, south-facing walls in the Northern Hemisphere receive more sunlight.
Wind Exposure: Proper orientation can take advantage of prevailing winds for natural ventilation.
Example in Practice:

• In hot climates, buildings are oriented to minimize direct sunlight, reducing cooling loads.
• In windy areas, structures are positioned to shield occupants from harsh winds.
• This optimization ensures better energy efficiency and occupant comfort.

Explanation:

Lead Sewers:
(i) They are smooth, soft and can take odd shapes. 
(ii) This pipe has an ability to resist sulphide corrosion. 
(iii) However, these pipes are very costly. 
(iv) These are used in house connection.

Additional Information 

 Brick Sewers:

• Brick sewers are generally made at site.  They are used for construction of large size sewers or particularly for storm water drains.
• The pipes are plastered from outside to avoid entry of tree roots and ground water through brick joints. These are lined from inside with stone ware or ceramic block to make them smooth and hydraulically efficient. Lining also make the pipe resistant to corrosion.
• If brick sewers are to be used on a large scale, the purpose made bricks should be used instead of ordinary bricks.  The advantage of brick sewers is that these could be constructed to any required shape and size.

Cast Iron sewer:

• Cast iron pipes may be used in the form of sewers, where they have to withstand high internal pressures and external loads.  However, these are costly.
• Cast iron pipes are used for outfall sewers, rising mains of pumping stations, and inverted siphons, where pipes are running under pressure.
• These are also suitable for sewers under heavy traffic load, such as sewers below railways and highways.  Light cast iron pipes are used for house drainage works, whereas, heavy ones are adopted for city sewers. 

RCC sewer:

Advantages:
(i) Economical for medium and large sizes.
(ii) It is possible to effect saving in the cost of jointing, owing to the longer lengths in which these pipes are generally available.
(iii) They can be made of any desired strength.
(iv) Strong in tension as well as compression.
(v) These pipes are available in wide range of size and the trench can be opened and backfilled rapidly during maintenance of sewers.
Disadvantages:
(i) These pipes can get corroded and pitted by the action of H2SO4.
(ii) The carrying capacity of the pipe reduces with time because of corrosion.
(iii) The pipes are susceptible to erosion by sewage containing silt and grit.

Explanation:

Marking center lines of sewers

• The center line of a sewers are marked on the streets and roads from the plans starting from the lowest point or outfall of the main proceeding upwards.
• The setting out of work is done by means of chain and theodolite or compass. For checking the center line during the construction generally wooden pegs or steel spikes are driven at 10 meters intervals on a line parallel to the center where while laying sewers, they will not disturb them.
• For checking the levels of sewer pipes and their alignment temporary benchmarks are established at 200-400 metres intervals.
• The reduced level (R.L) of these benchmaks should be calculated with respect to G.T.S benchmarks. On the center line position of sewer appurtenances are also marked  

Concept:

Design period:

• It may be defined as the time period for which the component remains functional.
• As per Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Systems - 2013, the following table shows the design period of sewerage components:

Hence, the design period treatment unit is taken as 15 - 20 years.

Explanation:

Considering macro climate helps in addressing regional issues like monsoons, snowfall, or desert heat.
Understanding micro climate ensures that the building design adapts to localized factors like:

• Sunlight exposure.
• Wind patterns.
• Surrounding vegetation and terrain.

Example in Practice:

A house in a hilly area would require proper insulation for macro climate cold weather and positioning to shield against micro climate winds.
Solar panels could be installed in south-facing directions to maximize energy efficiency.
This approach balances environmental sustainability with human comfort, aligning with green building practices.

Explanation:

Surface sources are as follows:

• Rivers
• Lakes and streams
• Seas
• Ponds
• Wastewater reclamation
• Stored rainwater in cisterns.

Additional InformationSources of water:

• The success of the water supply scheme depends upon the adequate sources of water supply.

Subsurface sources or ground sources are as follows:

• Springs
• Infiltration galleries
• Porous pipe galleries
• Infiltration wells
• Wells

Explanation:

Health faucet:

• A health faucet, also known as a bidet spray or hand-held bidet, is typically fixed in the toilet.
• It is a plumbing fixture used for personal hygiene purposes, particularly for cleaning oneself after using the toilet.
• The health faucet consists of a hand-held nozzle attached to a flexible hose, which is connected to the water supply system.
• By using the health faucet, individuals can direct a spray of water for cleansing purposes.