Indian Flora & Fauna MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Indian Flora & Fauna - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Tropical Deciduous Forests".

Key Points

• Tropical Deciduous Forest is also referred to as a " Monsoon Forest".
• Tropical Deciduous forests are found in the belt along the equator between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn as well as in the humid subtropics
• Tropical Deciduous Forests are home to trees with broad leaves which shed in one season of the year. 
• The range of the rainfall in this forest is 70 - 200cms.
• There are two types of deciduous forest namely -

1. Moist Deciduous Forest
2. Dry Deciduous Forest.

Important Points

• Some of the major states in which these types of forests are found are -

1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Chattisgarh
4. Odisha
5. Some parts of Maharashtra

The correct answer is 1.41%.

Key Points

• Approximately 1.41 % of forest cover in the state of Uttar Pradesh is extremely fire-prone.
  • 7.04 % of forest cover in the state of Uttar Pradesh is very high fire-prone.
• Forest fires are a regular phenomenon in our country often observed during the fire season.
  • A number of 37,059 fires were detected in the year 2018 using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) sensor data.
  • Every year large areas of forests are affected by fires of varying intensity and extent.
  • Based on the forest inventory records, 54.40% of forests in India are exposed to occasional fires, 7.49% to moderately frequent fires, and 2.405 to high incidence levels while 35.71% of India’s forests have not yet been exposed to fires of any real significance.
  • Precious forest resources including carbon locked in the biomass are lost due to forest fires every year, which adversely impact the flow of goods and services from forests.
  • Satellite-based remote sensing technology and GIS tools have been effective in better prevention and management of fires through the creation of early warnings for fire-prone areas, monitoring fires on a real-time basis, and estimation of burnt scars.

The correct answer is 1.62%.

Key Points

• ​Uttar Pradesh has 1.62% Forest Carbon stock of the total Forest Carbon Stock in India.
• A decline in carbon stock means there is less biomass in the forest that happens mainly due to deforestation of dense forests and the shrinking of trees owing to drought.
• More the carbon stock, the higher would be the forest’s capacity to absorb and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2), the main greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, through photosynthesis.
• The forest carbon stock helps absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide. Its decline means more greenhouse gases in the environment.
• The report showed that states like Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand have lost a significant portion of crucial carbon stock within the last two years. 

Additional Information

• The headquarters of the Forest Survey of India (FSI) is in Dehradun.
• Smt. Meenakshi Joshi is the Joint Director of Forest Survey of India.
• 5 districts with minimum forest area in Uttar Pradesh (in increasing order): Bhadohi (3.12 sq km), Mau (11 sq km), Mainpuri(14 sq km), Sant Kabir Nagar( 14 sq km), Deoria(15.21 sq km).
• National Parks in Uttar Pradesh - Dudhwa National Park, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.
• Dudhwa National Park, in Lakhimpur-Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is Tundra.

Key Points

• Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens.
• About Tundra Climate-
  • The Tundra climate has the mean temperature of the warmest month above 0°C but below 10°C.
  • This type of climate is experienced in the areas located near the Arctic and Antarctic Circle.
  • Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year.

Additional Information

• Tropical evergreen forests-
  • The tropical evergreen forest also known as tropical rain forests.
  • It usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a monthly mean temperature of 18°C or higher in the coldest months.
  • They occupy about seven percent of the Earth's land surface and harbor more than half of the planet's terrestrial plants and animals.
  • Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbour many types of plants and animals.
• Coral Reefs:
  • The Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia, is the largest living thing on Earth, and even visible from outer space.
  • The 2,300km-long ecosystem comprises thousands of reefs and hundreds of islands made of over 600 types of hard and soft coral.
• Mangrove:
  • World’s largest deltaic mangrove forests are found in Sundarbans Reserve Forest.
  • It is situated in Bangladesh.
  • It lies in the delta of Meghna, Brahmaputra, and Ganges rivers.

The correct answer is  Bhadohi.

• Bhadohi district of Uttar Pradesh has the least area under forest.
• Bhadohi has an area of 3 km² under forest.
• Bhadohi is home to the largest hand-knotted carpet weaving industry.
• Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh has the maximum area under forest.
• Sonbhadra has ann area of 2544 km² under forest.

4 district having the maximum area under Forest are:

1. Sonbhadra 
2. Khiri
3. Mirzapur
4. Pilibhit.

The correct answer is Gaur.Key Points

• The Gaur, also known as the Indian Bison, is the closest wild relative of domestic cattle.
• This species is protected and can be found in several national parks in India, including Nagarhole and Bandipur in Karnataka.
• Gaurs are the largest and most powerful of all wild cattle, and are distinguished by their deep, hollow bodies, tall stature, and prominent dorsal ridges.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Tropical Deciduous Forests".

Key Points

• Tropical Deciduous Forest is also referred to as a " Monsoon Forest".
• Tropical Deciduous forests are found in the belt along the equator between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn as well as in the humid subtropics
• Tropical Deciduous Forests are home to trees with broad leaves which shed in one season of the year. 
• The range of the rainfall in this forest is 70 - 200cms.
• There are two types of deciduous forest namely -

1. Moist Deciduous Forest
2. Dry Deciduous Forest.

Important Points

• Some of the major states in which these types of forests are found are -

1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Chattisgarh
4. Odisha
5. Some parts of Maharashtra

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh.

Key Points

• Minister for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change has released the ‘India State of Forest Report 2021’ prepared by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) which has been mandated to assess the forest and tree resources of the country.

Key findings of ISFR 2021:

• According to the report, India's total forest and tree cover is now spread across 80.9 million hectares, which is 24.62% of the geographical area of the country.
• The total tree-and-forest cover in the country includes an increase of 1,540 square kilometres of forest cover and 721 sq km of tree cover compared to the 2019 report.
• The top five states in terms of increase in forest cover are Andhra Pradesh (647 sq km), Telangana (632 sq km), Odisha (537 sq km), Karnataka (155 sq km), and Jharkhand (110 sq km). Hence option 2 is the correct answer.
• The gain in forest cover or improvement in forest canopy density may be attributed to better conservation measures, protection, afforestation activities, tree plantation drives, and agroforestry
• Area-wise, Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Maharashtra.
• The report also added that the northeast did not show positive results as the current assessment showed a decrease of forest cover to the extent of 1,020 sq km in the region.
• Arunachal Pradesh lost the maximum forest cover of 257 sq km, followed by Manipur which lost 249 sq km, Nagaland 235 sq km, Mizoram 186 sq km, and Meghalaya 73 sq km.
• The Kanha to Navegaon-Nagzira-Tadoba-Indravati corridor has the highest area under ‘Very Dense Forest’ comprising 857.65 sq km.
• Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Maharashtra.
• Mangroves have shown an increase of 17 sq km. India’s total mangrove cover is now 4,992 sq km.
• 35.46% of the forest cover is prone to forest fires. Out of this, 2.81% is extremely prone, 7.85% is very highly prone and 11.51% is highly prone.
• Bamboo forests have grown from 13,882 million culms (stems) in 2019 to 53,336 million culms in 2021.

• The Pichavaram Mangrove Forest is located in Tamil Nadu.
• Plant species like Avicennia and Rhizophora and bird species like snipes, cormorants, egrets, storks, herons, spoonbills, and pelicans can be seen here.

The correct answer is 1973.

Key Points

• It was launched on 1st April 1973.
• It was launched to promote the conservation of the tiger.
• Project Tiger has been the largest species conservation initiative of its kind in the world.
• The Tiger census was first conducted in the year 2006 by National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• In 2014, 2226 tigers were reported.

Additional Information

• Tiger Reserves in India-
  • Nagarjunsagar Srisailam
  • Namdapha
  • Manas
  • Kaziranga
  • Parambikulam
  • Kanha
  • Pench
  • Valmiki

Option 4 is correct.

• Chipko movement began in Rajasthan. 

​Key Points 

• The original ’Chipko movement’ was started around 260 years back in the early part of the 18th century in Rajasthan by the Bishnoi community.
• It is said that members of the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan led by Amrita Devi laid down their lives in an effort to protect the Khejadi trees from being felled on the orders of the king of Jodhpur in 1730.
• After this, the king of Jodhpur gave a strong royal decree preventing the cutting of trees in all Bishnoi villages.
• Rajasthan capital: Jaipur. 
• Rajasthan CM: Bhajan Lal Sharma 
• Rajasthan Governor: Haribhau Kisanrao Bagade

Confusion Points

• In modern times Chipko movement began in Uttarakhand in 1973.
• Sunderlal Bahuguna was the leader of this movement. 

The correct answer is Mizoram.

• As per India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021:
• The Bamboo Bearing Area of the Country: 15.00 million hectares.
• States with Maximum Bamboo Bearing Area: Mizoram > Arunachal Pradesh. Hence 3rd option is correct.
• States with Minimum Bamboo Bearing Area: Madhya Pradesh> Maharashtra
• Maximum Occurrence of Pure Bamboo: Madhya Pradesh > Maharashtra > Chhattisgarh.

The correct answer is Tundra.

Key Points

• Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens.
• About Tundra Climate-
  • The Tundra climate has the mean temperature of the warmest month above 0°C but below 10°C.
  • This type of climate is experienced in the areas located near the Arctic and Antarctic Circle.
  • Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year.

Additional Information

• Tropical evergreen forests-
  • The tropical evergreen forest also known as tropical rain forests.
  • It usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a monthly mean temperature of 18°C or higher in the coldest months.
  • They occupy about seven percent of the Earth's land surface and harbor more than half of the planet's terrestrial plants and animals.
  • Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbour many types of plants and animals.
• Coral Reefs:
  • The Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia, is the largest living thing on Earth, and even visible from outer space.
  • The 2,300km-long ecosystem comprises thousands of reefs and hundreds of islands made of over 600 types of hard and soft coral.
• Mangrove:
  • World’s largest deltaic mangrove forests are found in Sundarbans Reserve Forest.
  • It is situated in Bangladesh.
  • It lies in the delta of Meghna, Brahmaputra, and Ganges rivers.

The correct answer is Mangrove Forests

Key PointsMangrove Forests

• Found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts.
• Dense mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plants submerged underwater.
• The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishana, the Godavari, and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation.
• In the Ganga Brahmaputra delta, Sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber.
• Palm, coconut, keora, agar, also grow in some parts of the delta.
• Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous animal in these forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials, and snakes are also found in these forests.

Additional InformationTropical Evergreen Forests:

• These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman, and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam, and Tamil Nadu coast.
• They are at their best in areas having more than 200 cm of rainfall with a short dry season.
• The trees reach great heights up to 60 meters or even above.
• Since the region is warm and wet throughout the year, it has luxuriant vegetation of all kinds.
• The trees, shrubs, and creepers give it a multilayered structure.
• There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves.
• As such, these forests appear green all the year-round

Tropical Deciduous Forests

• ​These are the most widespread forests of India.
• They are also called the monsoon forests and spread over the region receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 cm.
• Trees of this forest type shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer.
• On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further divided into moist and dry deciduous.

Natural vegetation refers to a plant community, which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. The following major types of vegetation may be identified in our country

1. Tropical Evergreen Forests
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests
3. Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
4. Montane Forests
5. Mangrove Forests

The correct answer is West Bengal and Assam.

Key Points

• One horned Rhinoceros:
  • They are found in the Indian subcontinent.
  • The one-horned rhinoceros (Indian rhinoceros) are the largest of the rhino species.
  •  They are mainly found in Assam, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • There are 2,640 rhinoceros in four protected areas in Assam.  
    • Pabitora Wildlife Reserve
    • Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park
    • Kaziranga National Park
    • Manas National Park.
  • 90% are found in Kaziranga National Park.
  • It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
• The National Rhino Conservation Strategy was launched in the year 2019 for the conservation of big-horned rhinos.
• Indian Rhino Vision 2020 was launched in 2005, it is an ambitious effort to attain a wild population of at least 3,000 greater one-horned rhinos spread over seven protected areas in the Indian state of Assam by the year 2020.

Additional Information