Political Institutions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Political Institutions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - February

Key Points

• Union Budget Presentation
  • The Finance Minister presents the Union Budget in Parliament every year.
  • Since 2017, it has been presented on February 1st.
  • The change ensures timely implementation of financial provisions from April 1st.
• Budget Session
  • The Budget session of Parliament is divided into two phases:
  • Phase 1: Presentation and general discussion (February)
  • Phase 2: Detailed scrutiny and approval (March-April)

Additional Information

• History of Budget Presentation
  • Before 2017, the budget was presented on the last working day of February.
  • The change to February 1st was made to allow government departments to plan expenditure earlier.
• Types of Budget
  • Union Budget: Covers government income (revenue) and expenditure.
  • Vote on Account: A temporary budget in case the full budget isn't passed before April 1st.
• Key Reform:
  • The Railway Budget was merged with the Union Budget in 2017.
  • The classification of expenditure into "Plan" and "Non-Plan" was removed in the same year.

The correct answer is - i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c

Key Points

• FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry)
  • It is an association formed by industrialists to represent the interests of Indian businesses.
  • Established in 1927, it is one of India's largest trade and industry organizations.
• INTUC (Indian National Trade Union Congress)
  • It is a trade union affiliated with the Indian National Congress.
  • Founded in 1947, it aims to promote the welfare of workers.
• Shetkari Sangathan
  • It is an agricultural union advocating for farmers' rights in India.
  • Founded by Sharad Joshi, it focuses on issues like fair pricing and economic policies affecting farmers.
• Nyaya Panchayats
  • These are local judicial bodies with limited authority to handle petty civil and criminal cases in villages.
  • They help in resolving disputes at the grassroots level.

Additional Information

• FICCI's Role in Economic Policy
  • Works closely with the government to shape economic policies.
  • Hosts events like the India Economic Summit to discuss business reforms.
• INTUC's Impact on Labor Rights
  • Advocates for minimum wages and better working conditions.
  • Represents workers in negotiations with industries and policymakers.
• Shetkari Sangathan’s Farmer Protests
  • Organized large-scale protests demanding fair crop prices.
  • Opposes excessive government intervention in agricultural markets.
• Nyaya Panchayats in Rural Justice
  • Help in reducing court case backlog by handling minor disputes.
  • Follow a simplified legal process for speedy resolutions.

The correct answer is - Supreme Court

Key Points

• Supreme Court of India
  • It is the highest judicial authority and the ultimate interpreter of the Indian Constitution.
  • Established under Article 124, it serves as the guardian of fundamental rights and ensures constitutional supremacy.
• Analysis of options:
  • Option a (High Court) - Incorrect: High Courts are the highest courts at the state level, but their decisions can be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
  • Option b (Parliament) - Incorrect: Parliament makes laws, but the Supreme Court can review laws to check their constitutionality.
  • Option c (President of India) - Incorrect: The President is the executive head, not a judicial authority.
  • Option d (Supreme Court) - Correct: It has final authority over constitutional interpretation.

Additional Information

• Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
  • Original Jurisdiction: Disputes between the Centre and States (Article 131).
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Hears appeals against High Court judgments (Article 132-134).
  • Advisory Jurisdiction: Provides legal advice to the President (Article 143).
• Judicial Review Power
  • Ensures that laws made by Parliament are consistent with the Constitution.
  • Has the power to strike down unconstitutional laws.

The correct answer is - Achieving power and honor

Key Points

• Max Weber's View on Political Parties
  • According to Weber, political parties are associations formed to pursue political power and influence.
  • The primary aim of political parties is achieving power and securing honor for their members.
  • They seek to influence policy decisions and gain control over government institutions.
• Distinction from Other Political Entities
  • Unlike interest groups, which focus on lobbying for specific interests, parties compete for direct political power.
  • Unlike social movements, which aim for broad societal change, political parties focus on winning elections.

Additional Information

• Max Weber’s Classification of Political Domination
  • Weber categorized political authority into three types:
    • Traditional authority – Based on customs and hereditary rule (e.g., monarchy).
    • Charismatic authority – Based on a leader’s personal appeal and charisma (e.g., revolutionary leaders).
    • Legal-rational authority – Based on laws and formal institutions (e.g., modern democracies).
• Role of Political Parties in Democracy
  • Political parties act as intermediaries between the government and the public.
  • They facilitate political participation and ensure representation of different societal interests.
  • They play a crucial role in policy-making and governance.

The correct answer is - Interest groups

Key Points

• Interest groups primarily lobby with government bodies to influence policy decisions in favor of their specific interests.
• They operate outside the electoral process and focus on advocacy rather than contesting elections.
• Political parties (Option A) aim to gain power, while interest groups seek to influence those in power.
• Social movements (Option C) focus on broader societal changes rather than direct lobbying.
• Political leaders (Option D) may be involved in decision-making but do not function as dedicated lobbying entities.

Additional Information

• Types of Interest Groups:
  • Economic groups: Business associations, trade unions, and agricultural groups.
  • Public interest groups: Focus on environmental protection, human rights, or social welfare.
  • Professional associations: Organizations representing lawyers, doctors, or educators.
• Methods of Lobbying:
  • Direct lobbying: Meeting with lawmakers to present their demands.
  • Grassroots lobbying: Mobilizing public opinion through campaigns.
  • Litigation: Filing court cases to influence policy changes.
• Examples of Interest Groups:
  • Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).
  • Greenpeace (environmental advocacy).
  • All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC).

The correct answer is 1999.

Key Points

• The District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) program was introduced on 1st April 1999 under which the salary and administrative expenses of DRDAs are funded on a 75:25 basis between Centre and State Governments.
• However, from 2008-09 the funding pattern for the North East States has been changed from 75 : 25 to 90 : 10.
• In the case of UTs, the Centre provides entire (100%) funds under the Scheme.
• DRDA has traditionally been the principal organ at the district level to oversee the implementation of anti-poverty programmes of the Ministry of Rural Development.
  • This agency was created originally to implement the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP).
  • Subsequently, the DRDAs were entrusted with a number of programmes of both state and central governments.
  • From April 1999  a separate DRDA Administration has been introduced to take care of the administrative costs.
  • This aims at strengthening the DRDAs and making them more professional in managing the anti-poverty programmes and being an effective link between the ministry and the district level.

The correct answer is The problem of Rupee : Its origin and its solution.

Key Points

• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer, and political leader.
• Who served as Law and Justice Minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's first cabinet and inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement after renouncing Hinduism.
• He began studying for the Bar at Gray's Inn in October 1916, while also enrolling at the London School of Economics to begin work on a doctoral thesis.
• He returned to India in June 1917 after his Baroda scholarship expired.
• His book collection was sent on a ship other than the one he was on, which was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine.
• He got permission to return to London to submit his thesis within four years.
• He returned at the first opportunity and completed a master's degree in 1921.
• His thesis was on "The problem of the rupee: Its origin and its solution". Hence option 4) is correct.
• In 1923, he completed a D.Sc. in Economics which was awarded from University of London, and the same year he was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn.

The correct answer is a process illustrates a pattern of change that has taken place in the past and is likely to be repeated in future in other societies.

Key Points

• The process of transitioning from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine production in modern history is known as the Industrial Revolution.
• These technological advancements revolutionized civilization by introducing new methods of working and living.
• This procedure began in the 18th century in Britain and extended throughout the world from there.
• The phrase "Industrial Revolution" was used by English economist Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840, despite the earlier use of French writers.
• Since Toynbee's time, the phrase has been used to describe a process of economic transformation rather than a specific period of time.
• In sociology, social change refers to changes in cultural symbols, standards of behavior, social institutions, or value systems that occur within the social structure.

The correct answer is 1999.

Key Points

• The District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) program was introduced on 1st April 1999 under which the salary and administrative expenses of DRDAs are funded on a 75:25 basis between Centre and State Governments.
• However, from 2008-09 the funding pattern for the North East States has changed from 75: 25 to 90: 10.
• In the case of UTs, the Centre provides entire (100%) funds under the Scheme.
• DRDA has traditionally been the principal organ at the district level to oversee the implementation of anti-poverty programs of the Ministry of Rural Development.
  • This agency was created originally to implement the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP).
  • Subsequently, the DRDAs were entrusted with a number of programs by both state and central governments.
  • From April 1999  a separate DRDA Administration has been introduced to take care of the administrative costs.
  • This aims at strengthening the DRDAs and making them more professional in managing the anti-poverty programs and being an effective link between the ministry and the district level.

The correct answer is the Supremacy of the ruler.

Key Points

• ​The groups in a government that create, enforce, and implement laws are known as political institutions.
• They frequently resolve conflicts, formulate (governmental) policies affecting the economic and social institutions, and otherwise represent the people.
• Every society must have a type of political system so that it may allocate resources and ongoing procedures appropriately.
• A political institution sets the rules in which an orderly society obeys and ultimately decides and administers the laws for those that do not obey.
• The distribution structure of power and authority used to maintain social order is known as a political institution.
• Politics is the social institution through which some persons and groups obtain and exert power. Hence option 1) is correct.
• Gabriel Abraham Almond and James Smoot Coleman compiled the following three essential functions of a political system in 1960:
  • To sustain societal unity by establishing norms.
  • Adapting and changing social, economic, and religious systems in order to achieve communal (political) aims.
  • To safeguard the political system's integrity against external challenges.

The correct answer is 1999.

Key Points

• The District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) program was introduced on 1st April 1999 under which the salary and administrative expenses of DRDAs are funded on a 75:25 basis between Centre and State Governments.
• However, from 2008-09 the funding pattern for the North East States has been changed from 75 : 25 to 90 : 10.
• In the case of UTs, the Centre provides entire (100%) funds under the Scheme.
• DRDA has traditionally been the principal organ at the district level to oversee the implementation of anti-poverty programmes of the Ministry of Rural Development.
  • This agency was created originally to implement the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP).
  • Subsequently, the DRDAs were entrusted with a number of programmes of both state and central governments.
  • From April 1999  a separate DRDA Administration has been introduced to take care of the administrative costs.
  • This aims at strengthening the DRDAs and making them more professional in managing the anti-poverty programmes and being an effective link between the ministry and the district level.

The correct answer is - February

Key Points

• Union Budget Presentation
  • The Finance Minister presents the Union Budget in Parliament every year.
  • Since 2017, it has been presented on February 1st.
  • The change ensures timely implementation of financial provisions from April 1st.
• Budget Session
  • The Budget session of Parliament is divided into two phases:
  • Phase 1: Presentation and general discussion (February)
  • Phase 2: Detailed scrutiny and approval (March-April)

Additional Information

• History of Budget Presentation
  • Before 2017, the budget was presented on the last working day of February.
  • The change to February 1st was made to allow government departments to plan expenditure earlier.
• Types of Budget
  • Union Budget: Covers government income (revenue) and expenditure.
  • Vote on Account: A temporary budget in case the full budget isn't passed before April 1st.
• Key Reform:
  • The Railway Budget was merged with the Union Budget in 2017.
  • The classification of expenditure into "Plan" and "Non-Plan" was removed in the same year.

The correct answer is - i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c

Key Points

• FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry)
  • It is an association formed by industrialists to represent the interests of Indian businesses.
  • Established in 1927, it is one of India's largest trade and industry organizations.
• INTUC (Indian National Trade Union Congress)
  • It is a trade union affiliated with the Indian National Congress.
  • Founded in 1947, it aims to promote the welfare of workers.
• Shetkari Sangathan
  • It is an agricultural union advocating for farmers' rights in India.
  • Founded by Sharad Joshi, it focuses on issues like fair pricing and economic policies affecting farmers.
• Nyaya Panchayats
  • These are local judicial bodies with limited authority to handle petty civil and criminal cases in villages.
  • They help in resolving disputes at the grassroots level.

Additional Information

• FICCI's Role in Economic Policy
  • Works closely with the government to shape economic policies.
  • Hosts events like the India Economic Summit to discuss business reforms.
• INTUC's Impact on Labor Rights
  • Advocates for minimum wages and better working conditions.
  • Represents workers in negotiations with industries and policymakers.
• Shetkari Sangathan’s Farmer Protests
  • Organized large-scale protests demanding fair crop prices.
  • Opposes excessive government intervention in agricultural markets.
• Nyaya Panchayats in Rural Justice
  • Help in reducing court case backlog by handling minor disputes.
  • Follow a simplified legal process for speedy resolutions.

The correct answer is - Supreme Court

Key Points

• Supreme Court of India
  • It is the highest judicial authority and the ultimate interpreter of the Indian Constitution.
  • Established under Article 124, it serves as the guardian of fundamental rights and ensures constitutional supremacy.
• Analysis of options:
  • Option a (High Court) - Incorrect: High Courts are the highest courts at the state level, but their decisions can be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
  • Option b (Parliament) - Incorrect: Parliament makes laws, but the Supreme Court can review laws to check their constitutionality.
  • Option c (President of India) - Incorrect: The President is the executive head, not a judicial authority.
  • Option d (Supreme Court) - Correct: It has final authority over constitutional interpretation.

Additional Information

• Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
  • Original Jurisdiction: Disputes between the Centre and States (Article 131).
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Hears appeals against High Court judgments (Article 132-134).
  • Advisory Jurisdiction: Provides legal advice to the President (Article 143).
• Judicial Review Power
  • Ensures that laws made by Parliament are consistent with the Constitution.
  • Has the power to strike down unconstitutional laws.

The correct answer is - Achieving power and honor

Key Points

• Max Weber's View on Political Parties
  • According to Weber, political parties are associations formed to pursue political power and influence.
  • The primary aim of political parties is achieving power and securing honor for their members.
  • They seek to influence policy decisions and gain control over government institutions.
• Distinction from Other Political Entities
  • Unlike interest groups, which focus on lobbying for specific interests, parties compete for direct political power.
  • Unlike social movements, which aim for broad societal change, political parties focus on winning elections.

Additional Information

• Max Weber’s Classification of Political Domination
  • Weber categorized political authority into three types:
    • Traditional authority – Based on customs and hereditary rule (e.g., monarchy).
    • Charismatic authority – Based on a leader’s personal appeal and charisma (e.g., revolutionary leaders).
    • Legal-rational authority – Based on laws and formal institutions (e.g., modern democracies).
• Role of Political Parties in Democracy
  • Political parties act as intermediaries between the government and the public.
  • They facilitate political participation and ensure representation of different societal interests.
  • They play a crucial role in policy-making and governance.