Subordinate Courts MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Subordinate Courts - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 4 i.e.Etawah District Court.

• The Subordinate Judiciary has been divided into two parts 'The U.P. Civil Judicial Services' and 'The U.P. Higher Judicial Service'. The former consists of Munsifs and Civil Judges including Small Cause Judges and the latter of Civil and Sessions Judges (now Additional District Sessions Judges).
• The District Judge is the controller of the Subordinate Judicial Service at the district level.
• The jurisdiction of the District Judge extends to more than one revenue district in some cases. On the civil side, the Munsif's Court is the lowest court.
• Earlier, Etawah District Court serves as a subordinate judicial service of the state of Uttar Pradesh

The correct answer is option 4 i.e.Etawah District Court.

• The Subordinate Judiciary has been divided into two parts 'The U.P. Civil Judicial Services' and 'The U.P. Higher Judicial Service'. The former consists of Munsifs and Civil Judges including Small Cause Judges and the latter of Civil and Sessions Judges (now Additional District Sessions Judges).
• The District Judge is the controller of the Subordinate Judicial Service at the district level.
• The jurisdiction of the District Judge extends to more than one revenue district in some cases. On the civil side, the Munsif's Court is the lowest court.
• Earlier, Etawah District Court serves as a subordinate judicial service of the state of Uttar Pradesh

The correct answer is Tehsildar.

Key Points

• Tehsildar
  • The tehsil level revenue officer is the Tehsildar, who collects taxes.
    • Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • Tehsildar means the office holder of the revenue collecting office, the Lekhpal or Patwari is the chief officer at the lower level, who executes the works related to land revenue.
  • At present (2024), there are 3027 Revenue Courts operating in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
  • The lowest court among the revenue courts is considered to be the court of the Naib Tehsildar.
  • There is no substantial difference in the revenue and magisterial duties of a Tehsildar and a Naib-Tehsildar, In revenue matters, both exercise the powers of Assistant Collector, Grade II, in their circles as Circle Revenue Officers.
  • For elections to the Vidhan Sabha, a Tehsildar is, invariably be appointed as Assistant Returning Officer for the constituency/constituencies falling in his tahsil.

The correct answer is It consists of the retired judicial officer as its Chairman.

Key Points

• Lok Adalats Jurisdiction:
  • They are forums where cases pending in court or not filed as litigation are disposed off amicably.
  • Here disputes are resolved through mutual agreement between the disputed parties.
  • It does not have jurisdiction over cases related to divorce.
  • All civil cases, marital disputes, civil matters, land disputes, labor disputes, property sharing disputes, insurance, and electricity-related disputes, etc. are settled in Lok Adalats.
  • Under the law, offenses that cannot be settled and cases where the value of the property is more than one crore rupees cannot be disposed of in Lok Adalats.
• The idea of ​​establishing a Lok Adalat was first given by the former Chief Justice of India PN Bhagwati.
• The first Lok Adalat was organized in Gujarat in 1982.
• Lok Adalats were made permanent since 2002.
  • ​It deals with cases related to public utilities like transport, telegraph, etc.

Important Points

• Lok Adalats is based on the Gandhian Principles.
• It is granted Statutory Status under the Legal Services Authority Act 1987.
• It is the major component of Alternative Dispute Resolution.
• It has the same power as the Civil Court.
• Composition: - A Lok Adalat consists of a serving or retired judicial officer and not more than 12 social workers, one of whom should be preferably a woman.
• The Lok Adalat has jurisdiction to determine and to arrive at a compromise or settlement in cases pending before the courts, and also in cases that had not reached the court.

Additional Information

• Lok Adalats are organized by the NALSA(National Legal Services Authority).
• About NALSA:
  • Formed on 9th November 1995.
  • Under the Legal Services Authority Act 1987.
  • Aim: To provide free and competent legal services to the weaker section of society.

The correct answer is Nazir.

Key Points

• Nazir is the official responsible for managing financial matters in subordinate courts.
• The Nazir works under the direct supervision and instructions of the Presiding Officer of the court.
• They handle tasks related to court finances, including the collection and disbursement of funds.
• The role of the Nazir is crucial for ensuring the proper administration and financial management within the court system.

Additional Information

• Stenographer
  • A Stenographer is responsible for transcribing court proceedings using shorthand or a stenotype machine.
  • They play a vital role in maintaining accurate records of court sessions and legal proceedings.
• Ahlimad
  • An Ahlimad is a clerk in the court who manages case files and maintains records of cases.
  • They assist in the smooth functioning of court operations by ensuring that all necessary documents are organized and accessible.
• Process Server
  • A Process Server is responsible for delivering legal documents, such as subpoenas and court orders, to individuals involved in legal proceedings.
  • They ensure that parties are notified of court actions and proceedings in a timely manner.

The correct answer is Governor of the State

Key Points

• Subordinate Courts
  • The State judiciary consists of a high court and a hierarchy of subordinate courts, also known as lower  courts
  • The subordinate courts are so-called because of their subordination to the state high court.
  • They function below and under the high court at the district and lower level
• Constitutional Provisions
  • Articles 233 to 237 in Part VI of the Constitution make the provisions for the organization of subordinate courts
• Appointment of District Judge
  • The appointment, posting and promotion of district judges in a state are made by the Governor of the State in consultation with the High court of the State
• Appointment of other Judges
  • Appointment of persons (other than district judges) to the judicial service of a state is made by the Governor of the State after consultation with the State Public Service Commission and the High court.

 Additional Information 

• Appointment :
  • The governor of a state is appointed by the president of India. The factors based on which the president evaluates the candidates is not mentioned in the Constitution.
• The function of the Governer:
  • The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under Article 159 of the Indian constitution.
  •  All the governor's actions, recommendations and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.
  • Executive powers related to administration, appointments and removals.
  • Legislative powers are related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) or State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad

The correct answer is option 4 i.e.Etawah District Court.

• The Subordinate Judiciary has been divided into two parts 'The U.P. Civil Judicial Services' and 'The U.P. Higher Judicial Service'. The former consists of Munsifs and Civil Judges including Small Cause Judges and the latter of Civil and Sessions Judges (now Additional District Sessions Judges).
• The District Judge is the controller of the Subordinate Judicial Service at the district level.
• The jurisdiction of the District Judge extends to more than one revenue district in some cases. On the civil side, the Munsif's Court is the lowest court.
• Earlier, Etawah District Court serves as a subordinate judicial service of the state of Uttar Pradesh

The correct answer is Governor.

Key Points

• District judges are appointed according to Article 233.
• The appointments of District Judges in any state are made by the Governor of the State in consultation with the High Court.
• The High Court is the head of the judiciary in the state and in some cases also has administrative control over the lower courts. 
• District and subordinate courts come under the "High Court".
• The administrative area of these courts is at the district level in India.
• District courts are above all subordinate courts but below the High Court.

The correct answer is None of the statements given above is correct.

Key Points

• The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.
• Lok Adalat is one of the Alternative Dispute Redressal(ADR) mechanisms. 
• It is a forum where disputes/cases pending in the court of law or at the pre-litigation stage are settled/ compromised amicably.
• Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. 
• Nature of cases to be referred to Lok Adalat:-
  • Any case pending before any court or
  • Any dispute which has not been brought before any court and is likely to be filed before the court. Provided that any matter relating to an offense not compoundable under the law shall not be settled in Lok Adalat. Hence, option 1 is not correct.
• As per section 18(1) of the Act, a Lok Adalat shall have jurisdiction to determine and to arrive at a compromise or settlement between the parties to a dispute in respect of:-
  • Any case pending before; or
  • Any matter which is falling within the jurisdiction of, and is not brought before, any court for which the Lok Adalat is organised. Provided that the Lok Adalat shall have no jurisdiction in respect of matters relating to divorce or matters relating to an offence not compoundable under any law.
• All cases of civil and criminal nature which are permitted under law to be compromised and compounded are settled in Lok Adalats, Hence option 2 is not correct.
• Composition of Lok Adalats-
  • The Lok Adalat has a chairman, two members and one social worker.
  • The chairman must be a sitting or retired judicial officer.
  • The other two members should be a lawyer. Hence, option 3 is not correct.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

Lok Adalat 

• ​Lok Adalat is a forum where the cases which are pending in a court or which are at the pre-litigation stage are compromised or settled in an amicable manner.
• The word Lok Adalat means People's court and is based on Gandhian Principles. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It is a recent strategy for delivering informal, cheap and expeditious justice to the common man by way of settling disputes.
• The first Lok Adalat camp in the post-independence era was organised in Gujarat in 1982.
• The Lok Adalat shall have the same powers as vested in a civil court under the Code of civil procedure in the following case:
  • ​summoning or enforcing the attendance of any witness examining the oath.
  • discovery and production of any document.
  • reception of evidence on affidavits.
  • such other matters as prescribed.  Hence statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is 

Key Points 

Subordinate Courts:

• The state judiciary consists of a high court and a hierarchy of subordinate courts, also known as lower courts.
• The appointment, posting and promotion of District Judges in a state are made by the governor of the state in consultation with the high court. Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

A person to be appointed as District Judge should have the following qualifications

• He should not already be in the service of the Central or the state government.
• He should have been an advocate or a pleader for seven years.
• He should be recommended by the high court for appointment.

District Judge:

• The District Judge is the highest judicial authority in the district.
• He possesses original and appellate jurisdiction in both civil as well a criminal matters.
• In other words, the District Judge is also the Sessions Judge. When he deals with civil cases, he is known as the District Judge and when he hears the criminal cases, he is called as the Sessions Judge.
• The District Judge exercises both judicial and administrative powers.
• He also has supervisory powers over all the Subordinate Courts in the district.
• Appeals against his orders and judgements are taken to the High Court.
• The Sessions Judge has the power to impose any sentence including life imprisonment and capital punishment (death sentence). 

The correct answer is 2 only.

• Gram Nyayalayas/village courts were established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act 2008.
• They were established with an aim to provide speedy and easy access to the justice system in the rural areas of India.
• The Gram Nyayalayas are presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who enjoys the same benefits as of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class.
• Gram Nyayalayas tries both Civil and Criminal cases. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
• As per the act, District Court shall, in consultation with the District Magistrate, prepare a panel consisting of the names of social workers at the village level having integrity for appointment as Conciliators who possess such qualifications and experience as may be prescribed by the High Court. Hence statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is Sessions Court.

Key Points

• Sessions Court is designated to function as a Human Rights Court under the Protection of Human Rights Act, of 1993.
• Under the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 a Sessions Judge cannot take cognizance of the offense.
• He can only try the cases committed to him by the magistrate under Section 193 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

Additional Information 

• One of the objects of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 as stated in the preamble of the Act, is the establishment of human rights courts at the district level.
•  The creation of Human Rights Courts at the district level has a great potential to protect and realize human rights at the grassroots.
• The Protection of Human Rights Act, of 1993 provides for the establishment of Human Rights Courts for the purpose of providing speedy trial of offenses arising out of violation of human rights.

The correct answer is Neither (a) nor (b).

Key Points Structure and Jurisdiction of Subordinate Courts

• The organizational structure, jurisdiction, and nomenclature of the subordinate judiciary are laid down by the states. 
• Hence, they differ slightly from state to state. 
• Generally, there are three tiers of civil and criminal courts below the high court. 
• The district judge is the highest judicial authority in the district.
• He possesses original and appellate jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. 
• In other words, the district judge is also the session judge. 
• When he deals with civil cases, he is known as a district judge and when he deals with criminal cases, he is known as a sessions judge. 
• The sessions judge has the power to impose any sentence, including life imprisonment and capital punishment (death sentence). 
• However, a capital punishment passed by him is subject to confirmation by the High Court, whether there is an appeal or not. 

Appointment of District Judges

• The judges of subordinate courts are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court of the concerned State.
• Qualifications of district judge:
  • He should not already be in the service of the Central or the state government. 
  • He should have been an advocate or a pleader for seven years. 
  • He should be recommended by the high court for appointment.
• The lower court Judges are transferred by the High Court: no posting, promotion or transfer of any such person as a district judge, made at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966, otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of article 233 or article 235 shall be deemed to be illegal or void or ever to have become illegal or void by reason only of the fact that such appointment, posting, promotion or transfer was not made in accordance with the said provisions.

The correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is 7th August, 1998.

Key Points

• The first permanent Lok Adalat was set up on 7th August, 1998 in Haryana.
• As per the Legal Services Authorities (Amendment) Act 1994, Lok Adalat settlement is no longer a voluntary concept.
• In order to achieve the aims and objectives of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and to settle the disputes between the parties amicably and expeditiously, a Permanent Lok Adalat was established in the District Courts Complex, Sector-17, Chandigarh on 07.08.1998.
  • It was inaugurated by the then Hon’ble Chief Justice A.B. Saharaya, Punjab and Haryana High Court.
  • It is the first Permanent Lok Adalat in the country which is functioning in the District Courts Complex, Chandigarh on all working days.
• The Member Secretary, State Legal Services Authority, U.T., Chandigarh also acts as a Judge of Permanent Lok Adalat.
• The Permanent Lok Adalat for pre-litigative matters is held five days week.
• The Lok Adalat for post-litigative matters i.e. the matters referred by the different Courts is held in the District Courts Complex.

Additional Information

• Lok Adalat is one of the alternative dispute redressal mechanisms.
• It is a forum where disputes/ cases pending in the court of law or at pre-litigation stage are settled/ compromised amicably.
• Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
• Under the said Act, the award (decision) made by the Lok Adalats is deemed to be a decree of a civil court and is final and binding on all parties and no appeal against such an award lies before any court of law.