Male and Female Reproductive System MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Male and Female Reproductive System - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Concept:

• In vertebrates, the excretory system and reproductive system are closely associated structurally. This is especially true in males.
• Hence these systems are together called urogenital or urinogenital systems.
• The functions of these two systems are unrelated.
• However, morphologically they are connected and often use the same common ducts to carry out their functions.

Explanation:

Urethra - 

• The urethra is called the urinogenital duct in human males.
• The urethra carries both urine and semen.
• The urethra is about 8 inches long.
• It empties urine from the urinary bladder as part of the urinary system in human males.
• During ejaculation, as part of the reproductive system, the urethra helps in the passage of semen.
• Thus the shared terminal duct of Reproduction and the Urinary System in human males is the urethra.

Ureter - 

• ​The ureter is part of the urinary system in humans both males and females.
• Two ureters emerge one from each kidney and open into the urinary bladder.
• The urine produced in the kidneys flows to the urinary bladder through the ureters.

Vas deferens - 

• ​Vas deferens is part of the reproductive system in human males.
• It is a tube that connects the epididymis and urethra.
• It carries the sperm out of the scrotal sac.

Vasa efferentia - 

• ​Vasa efferentia is part of the reproductive system in human males.
• It is highly convoluted tubules (12-20 in number) that lead from the rete testis to the vas deferens.
• It forms the head of the epididymis.
• Rete testis is a network of small tubules present in the testis that help to move sperms from the testis to the epididymis.

So the correct answer is option 1 (Urethra).

Concept:

The process by which mature spermatids are released from somatic Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule is called spermiation.

Explanation:

Option 1) Seminiferous tubules- CORRECT

• The site of spermatogenesis where germ cells develop into spermatozoa in close interaction with Sertoli cells is known as the seminiferous tubules.
• Sperms are released from it,
• So, this is the correct option.

Option  2)  Vas deferens-INCORRECT

• It transports mature sperm after released by seminiferous tubules.
• So, this is the incorrect option

Option  3)  Epididymis-INCORRECT

• It is a duct-like organ where the maturation of sperm takes place.
• So, this is the incorrect option

Option  4)  Prostate gland-INCORRECT

• It helps in producing seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
• So, this is the incorrect option

Key Points

• Prostate gland -
  • It is one of the male accessory gland that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum.
  • It produces seminal fluid that forms a part of  semen. 
  • This fluid helps in nourishing the sperms.
• Leydig cells - 
  • Leydig cells or interstitial cells are found in between the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
  • These cells synthesize and secrete testicular hormones called androgens.
• Ejaculatory duct - 
  • It is one of the ducts of male reproductive system.
  • It is formed when the vas deferens ascends up into the abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder and is joined by a duct from seminal vesicle.
  • This ejaculatory duct may store and transport sperm into the urethra.
• Penis - 
  • It is the external genitalia in human males.
  • It consists of a special tissue that helps in erection to facilitate insemination.

Corrected Table:

Hence, the correct answer is option 1. 

Correct Answer: 2)

Concept: 

• The seminiferous tubules open in the vasa efferentia by rete testis.
• The vasa efferentia, leaving the testis, open into the epididymis which is present at the posterior surface of the testis, and then it leads to the vas deference.
• Vas deferens is an ejaculatory duct that opens into the urethra.
• These ducts store the sperms and transport them outside through the urethra.
• The urethra originates from the urinary bladder and extends from the penis to the urethral meatus which is an external opening.

Explanation:

The correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in the male reproductive system is 

Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus

So, the correct answer is option 2).

Key Points

• Leydig cells are also known as interstitial cells.
• Leydig cells or interstitial cells are present in the outside of the seminiferous tubules known as interstitial spaces.
• It contains the endocrine tissue of the testes. 
• Leyding cells produce a group of hormones called Androgens.
• Androgens are a group of male sex hormones, primarily testosterone.
• Androgens regulate the development, maturation, and functions of the male accessory sex organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra, etc.
• These hormones stimulate muscular growth, growth of facial and axillary hair, aggressiveness, low pitch of
  voice, etc.
• They play a major stimulatory role in the process of spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behaviour.

Additional Information

• Estrogen-
  • It is a steroid hormone secreted by the ovary.
  • Estrogens produce a variety of actions such as stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs, development of growing
    ovarian follicles, the appearance of female secondary sex characters, and mammary gland development.
• Aldosterone-
  • It is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.
  • Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na⁺ and water and the excretion of K⁺ and phosphate ions. 
  • It helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure.
• Gonadotropins-
  • These are glycoprotein hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary.
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-
    Stimulating hormones (FSH) are collectively called gonadotropins.
  • LH and FSH stimulate gonadal activity and thus they 
    are called gonadotropins.

Hence, the correct option is (1) Androgens.

Concept-

• In sexual reproduction, it is very important to have a female reproductive system and a male reproductive system for the production of offspring, because the zygote is formed as a result of the fertilization of sperm and egg, and new offspring are formed from it.

The following are the major parts of the female reproductive system:-

• Ovary 1 pair
• Uterus
• Fallopian tube
• Vagina

The main external structures of the female reproductive system include:
Labia Majora:-

• The labia majora ("large lips") surround and protect the other external reproductive organs.
• During puberty, hair growth occurs on the skin of the labia majora, which also contains sweat and oil-secreting glands.

Labia Minora:-

• The labia minora ("small lips") can come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
• They lie inside the labia majora, open the vagina (the canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body) and surround the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body). Is ).
• This skin is very delicate and can easily become irritated and inflamed.

Bartholin's Glands:

• These glands are located next to the vaginal opening on each side and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
• These glands secrete fluid that helps lubricate the vagina. Sometimes the openings of these glands become obstructed, allowing fluid to back up into the gland.
• The result is a relatively painless swelling called a Bartholin's cyst.

Clitoris:-

• The two labia meet at the minor clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that in males is the equivalent of the penis.
• The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin called the prepuce, which resembles the foreskin at the end of the penis.
• Like the penis, the clitoris is very sensitive to stimulation and can become erect.

Internal reproductive organs include:

Vagina:-

• The vagina is a canal that connects to the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) on the outside of the body. It is also known as the birth canal.

Uterus (womb):-

• The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is home to the developing embryo.
• The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus.
• The corpus can easily hold a developing baby. A canal through the cervix allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.

Ovary:-

• The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus.
• The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.

Fallopian tube:-

• These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as a pathway for ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovary to the uterus.

Concept:

• In human beings, both male and female individuals have different reproductive systems.
• The process of reproduction in humans involves the fusion of male (sperm) and female (ovum) gametes produced in their respective reproductive systems.
• The male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, accessory ducts, accessory glands, and external genitalia.
• The female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, and external genitalia.

​Explanation:

• The antrum of the tertiary follicle, fimbriae, and cervix is present in the female reproductive system.
• Antrum -
  • The antrum of the tertiary follicle is developed from the secondary follicle of the ovary which is a fluid-filled cavity.
• Fimbriae -
  • These are the finger-like projections found on the edges of the infundibulum.
  • Fimbriae help in the collection of the ovum after ovulation.
• Cervix -
  • The cervix is the lower constricted segment of the uterus.
  • The uterus opens into the vagina through the narrow cervix.
  • The cervix along with the vagina forms the birth canal.

Additional Information

Acrosome - 

• The acrosome is the part of the male gamete, sperm.
• The sperm is produced in the testes.
• Sperm is microscopic, unicellular structure with a head, middle piece, and tail.
• The sperm head contains an elongated haploid nucleus, the anterior portion of which is covered by a cup-like structure called the acrosome.
• The acrosome is derived from the Golgi bodies.
• The acrosome is filled with proteolytic enzymes that help fertilization of the ovum.
• Enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin are present in acrosome.

Hence, the correct option is (2) Acrosome.

Key Points

• Leydig cells are also known as interstitial cells.
• Leydig cells or interstitial cells are present in the outside of the seminiferous tubules known as interstitial spaces.
• It contains the endocrine tissue of the testes. 
• Leyding cells produce a group of hormones called Androgens.
• Androgens are a group of male sex hormones, primarily testosterone.
• Androgens regulate the development, maturation, and functions of the male accessory sex organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra, etc.
• These hormones stimulate muscular growth, growth of facial and axillary hair, aggressiveness, low pitch of
  voice, etc.
• They play a major stimulatory role in the process of spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behaviour.

Additional Information

• Estrogen-
  • It is a steroid hormone secreted by the ovary.
  • Estrogens produce a variety of actions such as stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs, development of growing
    ovarian follicles, the appearance of female secondary sex characters, and mammary gland development.
• Aldosterone-
  • It is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.
  • Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na⁺ and water and the excretion of K⁺ and phosphate ions. 
  • It helps in the maintenance of electrolytes, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and blood pressure.
• Gonadotropins-
  • These are glycoprotein hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary.
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-
    Stimulating hormones (FSH) are collectively called gonadotropins.
  • LH and FSH stimulate gonadal activity and thus they 
    are called gonadotropins.

Hence, the correct option is (1) Androgens.

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:  

• The ovum is a female reproductive cell.
• It is released by the ovary.
• There are three layers of the ov um- corona radiata, zona pellucida and vitelline membrane.

Zona pellucida

• It is present around the plasma membrane of the ovum.
• During the act of fertilization; the sperm comes in contact with zona pellucida and induces changes in the membrane that stop other sperm from entering.
• This layer has proteins that can bind to sperm and help in the adhesion of sperm to the plasma membrane.
• The acrosome of the sperm secretes enzymes (hyaluronidase) that help the sperm enter the cytoplasm of the ovum through zona pellucida and the plasma membrane.

Corona Radiata

• It surrounds the zona pellucida layer.
• It protects the ovum and supplies it with nutrition.

Perivitelline Space

• The space between zona pellucida and the cell membrane of the oocyte is called perivitelline space.
• The cortical granules released from the ovum are deposited in the perivitelline space.

Explanation:

Option 1: Corona radiata

• The outermost membranous cover of the ovum at ovulation is the corona radiata.
• It is formed by follicular cells.
• It is a cellular layer that is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and hyaluronic acid.
• It is formed by the adhesion of follicle cells.
• It is made from squamous granulosa cells that enlarge to become cuboidal.
• It surrounds the zona pellucida layer.
• It protects the ovum and supplies it with nutrition.
• Therefore, this is the correct answer.

​

Option 2: Zona radiata

• Zona radiata is an inner surface that regulates transition in the follicle cell.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect answer.

Option 3: Zona pellucida

• Inner to corona radiata is zona pellucida, with is made up of three different glycoproteins secreted by the ovum itself.
• The zona pellucida layer functions as a vital part of fertilization.
• The incoming spermatozoa fuse with the membrane and the acrosome reaction is initiated.
• The acrosome reaction is the binding of the sperm’s membrane with the plasma membrane of the oocyte.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect answer.

Option 4: Chorion

• Chorion is made up of trophoblast outside and somatopleuric extraembryonic mesoderm inside.

• Its main function is to protect the embryo and it also takes part in the formation of the placenta.

Concept-

• In sexual reproduction, it is very important to have a female reproductive system and a male reproductive system for the production of offspring, because the zygote is formed as a result of the fertilization of sperm and egg, and new offspring are formed from it.

The following are the major parts of the female reproductive system:-

• Ovary 1 pair
• Uterus
• Fallopian tube
• Vagina

The main external structures of the female reproductive system include:
Labia Majora:-

• The labia majora ("large lips") surround and protect the other external reproductive organs.
• During puberty, hair growth occurs on the skin of the labia majora, which also contains sweat and oil-secreting glands.

Labia Minora:-

• The labia minora ("small lips") can come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
• They lie inside the labia majora, open the vagina (the canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body) and surround the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body). Is ).
• This skin is very delicate and can easily become irritated and inflamed.

Bartholin's Glands:

• These glands are located next to the vaginal opening on each side and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
• These glands secrete fluid that helps lubricate the vagina. Sometimes the openings of these glands become obstructed, allowing fluid to back up into the gland.
• The result is a relatively painless swelling called a Bartholin's cyst.

Clitoris:-

• The two labia meet at the minor clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that in males is the equivalent of the penis.
• The clitoris is covered by a fold of skin called the prepuce, which resembles the foreskin at the end of the penis.
• Like the penis, the clitoris is very sensitive to stimulation and can become erect.

Internal reproductive organs include:

Vagina:-

• The vagina is a canal that connects to the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) on the outside of the body. It is also known as the birth canal.

Uterus (womb):-

• The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is home to the developing embryo.
• The uterus is divided into two parts: the cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus, called the corpus.
• The corpus can easily hold a developing baby. A canal through the cervix allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.

Ovary:-

• The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus.
• The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.

Fallopian tube:-

• These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as a pathway for ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovary to the uterus.