ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW is equation for ___________

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  1. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
  2. Third Law of Thermodynamics
  3. Second Law of Thermodynamics
  4. First Law of Thermodynamics

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Option 4 : First Law of Thermodynamics
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The correct answer is First Law of Thermodynamics.

Key Points

  • The First Law of Thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes.
  • It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
  • The change in the internal energy of a system (ΔU) is equal to the heat added to the system (ΔQ) minus the work done by the system on its surroundings (ΔW).
  • This can be mathematically expressed as ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW.

Additional Information

  • Internal Energy (U)
    • It is the total energy contained within a system, including kinetic and potential energy at the molecular level.
    • Changes in internal energy can result from heat transfer or work done.
  • Heat (Q)
    • It is a form of energy transfer between systems due to a temperature difference.
    • Heat transfer can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation.
  • Work (W)
    • In thermodynamics, work is the energy transferred when an object is moved by a force.
    • Positive work is done by the system when it expands against an external pressure.
  • Applications of the First Law
    • It is used to analyze various thermodynamic cycles such as the Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, and refrigeration cycles.
    • It helps in understanding the energy efficiency of engines and other systems.
  • Limitations
    • The First Law does not provide information about the direction of processes or the feasibility of reactions.
    • It does not explain entropy changes or the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
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