ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW is equation for ___________

The correct answer is First Law of Thermodynamics.

Key Points

• The First Law of Thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes.
• It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
• The change in the internal energy of a system (ΔU) is equal to the heat added to the system (ΔQ) minus the work done by the system on its surroundings (ΔW).
• This can be mathematically expressed as ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW.

Additional Information

• Internal Energy (U)
  • It is the total energy contained within a system, including kinetic and potential energy at the molecular level.
  • Changes in internal energy can result from heat transfer or work done.
• Heat (Q)
  • It is a form of energy transfer between systems due to a temperature difference.
  • Heat transfer can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation.
• Work (W)
  • In thermodynamics, work is the energy transferred when an object is moved by a force.
  • Positive work is done by the system when it expands against an external pressure.
• Applications of the First Law
  • It is used to analyze various thermodynamic cycles such as the Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, and refrigeration cycles.
  • It helps in understanding the energy efficiency of engines and other systems.
• Limitations
  • The First Law does not provide information about the direction of processes or the feasibility of reactions.
  • It does not explain entropy changes or the Second Law of Thermodynamics.