Approaches to Leadership MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Approaches to Leadership - Download Free PDF

Ogburn theory of Cultural lag

• The most difference between material culture and non- material culture is known as cultural lag. 
• Cultural lag occurs whenever there is an unequal rate of change between different parts of culture causing a gap between material and non-material culture. 
• According to sociologists William F. Ogburn, cultural lag is a common societal phenomenon due to the tendency of material culture to evolve and change rapidly and voluminously while non-material culture tends to resist change and remain fixed for a far longer period of time.
• His theory of cultural lag suggests that a period of maladjustment occurs when the non-material culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions.

Conclusion: From the above discussion, we can conclude that option (2) is correct.

Leadership plays a crucial role in the functioning and success of a group.

Key Points

• Identification of leadership pattern is very important in group mobilisation because mobilization involves bringing people together for a common cause or action.
• Effective leadership ensures that group members are motivated, coordinated, and directed towards achieving shared goals.
• Whether in social movements, community development, or organizational settings, strong leadership patterns help in uniting individuals and driving collective action.

Thus, it is concluded that Identification of leadership pattern is very important in group mobilisation.

Hint

• Disbursement refers to distributing funds or resources.
• Running a group is important, but before operational management, mobilization is necessary to form and activate the group.
• Satisfaction is an outcome of good leadership but not directly related to identifying leadership patterns.

Leadership styles define how decisions are made within an organization or group.

Key Points

• Laissez-Faire leadership is a style in which the leader allows employees to make decisions independently.
• In this approach, the leader provides minimal guidance and gives team members the autonomy to manage their tasks. It is based on trust, assuming that employees are capable of making responsible decisions.
• This style is often effective in teams of highly skilled and self-motivated professionals, as it encourages creativity, innovation, and self-direction.

Thus, it is concluded that The leader allows the employees to make the decisions in Laissez Faire leadership.

Hint

• Autocratic leadership is the opposite, where the leader makes all decisions without employee input.
• Democratic leadership involves shared decision-making, but the leader still plays an active role in guiding and facilitating discussions.

​Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

The correct answer is Theory that considers personal qualities and characteristics.

Key PointsThe following statement relates to trait theory:

Theory that considers personal qualities and characteristics.

• Trait theory of leadership focuses on identifying the personal qualities, characteristics, and traits that differentiate effective leaders from non-leaders.
• It suggests that certain inherent traits or attributes contribute to effective leadership.
• Traits such as intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability are often considered important for effective leadership.
• Trait theory assumes that individuals possess these traits to varying degrees, and those with a higher presence of these traits are more likely to emerge as leaders. This theory aims to identify the specific traits and characteristics that are associated with leadership effectiveness.

The correct answer is C, A, E, D, B.

Key PointsThe position, permission, production, people development, and pinnacle levels of leadership according to John Maxwell. Each level is associated with a certain action that generates followers. Using the expertise and data he's accumulated over the course of 40 years as a successful leader, the best-selling book created six different stages of leadership.​

Important Points5 Levels of Leadership

1. Position: An individual is given the authority to lead by a leader. Because of this, people don't follow them because they are influential but rather because they are ordered to.
2. Permission: Focus is placed on developing and maintaining relationships with the team. As a result, they are given unrestricted authority to lead by their teammates.
3. Production: When a leader achieves Level 3, they start to concentrate on improving results. People then follow them because they believe the individual is competent and will guide them in the proper route.
4. People Development: The servant leaders who get to Level Four mentor, teach, and multiply other leaders. People are drawn to them and stay with them because they are aware of their beneficial impact on the lives of those around them.
5. Pinnacle: The rarest kind of leaders, Level Five leaders are highly renowned for their successes, the ways in which they have improved the lives of others, and the ways in which they have inspired their organisations to improve the world. Because of who they are, what they have accomplished, and what they stand for to the public, these leaders have followers.

​Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

​Values provide the basic foundation for understanding a person’s attitudes, perceptions, and personality. Values contain judgmental elements as to what is right, good, or desirable. Values have both content and intensity attributes. The content attribute describes- what is important; the intensity attribute describes- how much is it important.

• When an individual’s values are ranked in terms of their intensity, we obtain that person’s value system. A value system is a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity.
• However, everyone does not hold the same values.
• Edward Spranger defines values as the constellation of likes, dislikes, viewpoints, shoulds, inner inclinations, rational and irrational judgments, prejudices, and association patterns that determine a person’s view of the world.
• M. Rokeach defines values, as a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence, It is important to study values, as it influences attitudes, perceptions, motivation, evaluations, interpersonal relationships, behaviour, conflict-handling styles, leadership patterns, etc. In nutshell, values are at the core of the bahaviour pattern of an individual.

​Important Points​

Therefore, the correct match is A - III, B - I, C - IV, and D - II.

The skill of inspiring a group of individuals to take action in pursuit of a common objective is known as leadership. Decisiveness, determination, interpersonal and organizational aptitude, loyalty self-efficacy, and self-discipline are considered, some of the attributes of effective leaders.

Key PointsThe skill of leadership is as follows:-

• High communication: It is very important for a leader to have a clear idea about what she wants to say and how to say it. Good communication is needed for understanding, cooperation, and unified action.
• High relationship skill:- It is very important for a leader to have a good relationship with his followers.
• High work-organization skill:- It is very important for a leader to organize the work. The work assigned to the subordinate must be defined and
  should be recorded because clear-cut directions leader enables the subordinates to function properly.
• Cooperation and Coordination: As a part of effective leadership, cooperation and coordination among the leaders and the subordinate employees are essential. If the leader keeps the group informed,  the subordinates feel satisfied, and also the group will cooperate with the leader.

The correct answer is Both statements I and II are correct.

• a shared set of basic principles among all employees that is alive and well. A culture that is shaped by unambiguous norms that serve as a foundation and guiding principles for activity, decision-making, and a feeling of value.
• Values are suggested, discussed, and defined by the management in a value-based organisation while taking human involvement and ethical values into account. People's perspectives on the ideals of organisations are therefore very similar, and success may be attained with ease.

Hence the correct answer is  Both statements I and II are correct.

The correct option Higher social status

Key Points Transactional Analysis 

• Founded by Eric Berne during the 1960s
• It is a psychometric theory and method of therapy wherein social interactions are analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator

Important Points They're mainly focusing on three ego states that are

1. Child ego
2. parent ego
3. Adult ego

• The child represents brain recordings of internal events that are directly linked to the external events
• Parent ego where the recording of external events observed and experienced by the child from birth to the proximity of five of life.
• The adult's final ego state is the period in which the child develops the capacity to perceive and understand the situation that is different from what he has observed

Hence the correct answer is Higher social status.

Cultural Lag:

• The term was first coined in William F. Ogburn's 1922 work Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature.
• The difference between material culture and non-material culture is known as cultural lag. The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and the resulting social problems that are caused by this lag.
• In other words, cultural lag occurs whenever there is an unequal rate of change between different parts of culture causing a gap between material and non-material culture. Subsequently, cultural lag does not only apply to this idea only, but also relates to theory and explanation. It helps by identifying and explaining social problems to predict future problems in society. 
• Cultural lag creates problems for a society in a multitude of ways. The issue of cultural lag tends to permeate any discussion in which the implementation of some new technology is a topic.
• For example, the introduction of mobile phones has been done years ago, but in the question given above it says that the population took a long time to accept the change. This is because of the difference in the material and Non-material culture.

Note:

Material culture is a term used by sociologists that refers to all physical objects that humans create that give meaning or define a culture. These are physical things that can be touched, feel, taste, or observe with a sense. Material culture changes rapidly and changes depending where in the world somebody is. The environment may present different challenges in different parts of the world that is why material culture is so different everywhere.

Non-material culture is a term used by sociologists that refers to non-physical things such as ideas, values, beliefs, and rules that shape a culture. Non-Material culture tends to lag behind material culture due to the fact that it is easier to create a physical object that people will use than it is to create a system of beliefs or ideals that people will use and follow. Non-material culture tends to be very different wherever in the world someone is. This is because people from different backgrounds and areas in the world were raised on different ideals and beliefs that help shape society and culture.

Leadership plays a crucial role in the functioning and success of a group.

Key Points

• Identification of leadership pattern is very important in group mobilisation because mobilization involves bringing people together for a common cause or action.
• Effective leadership ensures that group members are motivated, coordinated, and directed towards achieving shared goals.
• Whether in social movements, community development, or organizational settings, strong leadership patterns help in uniting individuals and driving collective action.

Thus, it is concluded that Identification of leadership pattern is very important in group mobilisation.

Hint

• Disbursement refers to distributing funds or resources.
• Running a group is important, but before operational management, mobilization is necessary to form and activate the group.
• Satisfaction is an outcome of good leadership but not directly related to identifying leadership patterns.

Leadership styles define how decisions are made within an organization or group.

Key Points

• Laissez-Faire leadership is a style in which the leader allows employees to make decisions independently.
• In this approach, the leader provides minimal guidance and gives team members the autonomy to manage their tasks. It is based on trust, assuming that employees are capable of making responsible decisions.
• This style is often effective in teams of highly skilled and self-motivated professionals, as it encourages creativity, innovation, and self-direction.

Thus, it is concluded that The leader allows the employees to make the decisions in Laissez Faire leadership.

Hint

• Autocratic leadership is the opposite, where the leader makes all decisions without employee input.
• Democratic leadership involves shared decision-making, but the leader still plays an active role in guiding and facilitating discussions.