Child Development and Pedagogy MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Child Development and Pedagogy - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The development of a child takes place through various stages. Although each stage has an encompassing relationship to other stages, yet it has its own unique characteristic needs and demands. These stages are as follows:

• Infancy Period: Birth to 2 years
• Early Childhood:  2 to 5-6 years
• Middle Childhood: 5-6 to 12 years
• Adolescence: 12 to 18 years

Key Points 

Middle Childhood (The School Years)

• The period extends from age 6 to age 12 years. During this time, the growth rate is slow but steady.
• The growth in legs accounts for most of the increase in height.
• Children learn motor skills like throwing and running to perfection.
• The child’s thinking develops rapidly and his/ her store of information grows at a fast pace. School-age children develop closer ties with their peers. The student is able to expand the scene into simple dramatic scripts.
• Children compare their abilities, appearance and characteristics with those of their peers.
• Comprehension and reading ability are increased when children are given interesting stories to read. 
• They are better at recognizing emotions in others and empathizing with them.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that at the age of 11 a student is able to expand the scene into simple dramatic scripts.

•  Corporal punishment refers to the use of physical force intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort as a means of discipline. 
• This form of punishment may include actions like spanking, slapping, or any other physically punitive measures.

Key Points

•  Corporal Punishment: This is the act of using physical force to cause bodily pain or discomfort as a way to correct or discipline behavior.
• While it has been a historically common form of discipline, there is growing awareness and debate about its effectiveness and potential negative consequences.
• Many educational and child welfare institutions discourage or prohibit the use of corporal punishment.

Hint

• Emotional abuse involves causing emotional harm through actions like constant criticism or rejection, negatively impacting a child's emotional well-being.
• Psychological abuse inflicts mental harm through manipulation or constant belittling, with potentially long-lasting effects on a child's mental health and overall development.
• Neglect occurs when basic needs like food, shelter, education, and medical care are inadequately met, leading to serious consequences for a child's physical and emotional well-being.

Hence, the correct answer is Corporal punishment.

John Dewey (1859-1952) was the most influential philosopher whose expression of pragmatism were in the social realm rather than in the individual realm. Pragmatism is an approach that refers to deal with a task practically and sensibly.

Key Points

Project Method : The project method of teaching is one of the modern method of teaching in which the curriculum content is considered from student's point of view and related to his real life situations.

• Project method is the outcome of pragmatic ideas propagated by John Dewey.
• Project method provides opportunity for developing intellectual as well as doing abilities.
• The project method is based on the principle of the active learning. The students get totally involved in the activity.
• Project method helps in enhancing student's knowledge, understanding and skills in real life situation.
• Project method is based on the on the principle of learning by doing and developed on the base of Pragmatic philosophy.

Additional Information

• Discussion Method is an activity in which people talk together in order to share information a topic or problem. It is used more and more in student centered learning venues as a means of engaging students in the active construction of learning and collaboration.
• Lecture Demonstration method is a teacher centered method as the teacher demonstrate the pictures, charts, model and explains the principle concepts involved in these demonstrated materials or process.
• Lecture method is also  a teacher centered process. in this method the teacher attempts to explain facts principles or relationship. in this method the teacher is an active participant and the student are passive listeners.

Hence, we have conclude that John Dewy's Pragramatism is the basis for the Project method.

Key Points

John Dewey's quote "Not by Force Shall the Children Learn but through Play..." reflects his educational philosophy in the following ways:

• Experiential Learning: Dewey valued hands-on experiences, and play aligns with his belief in learning through direct engagement.
• Natural Learning Process: Play is seen as a natural and enjoyable way for children to learn, embracing their curiosity and interests.
• Holistic Development: Play promotes comprehensive development by addressing cognitive, social, emotional, and physical aspects.
• Intrinsic Motivation: Dewey opposed forced learning and emphasized the importance of play's intrinsic motivation for engaging willingly in activities.
• Active Participation: Play encourages active participation, allowing children to construct their own understanding of concepts.
• Social Interaction: Dewey recognized the social dimension of learning, and play fosters collaboration, negotiation, and communication among children.
• Connection to Real-life Experiences: Play provides opportunities for children to relate their learning to real-life experiences, aligning with Dewey's call for a relevant curriculum.

In essence, Dewey's perspective underscores the dynamic and enjoyable nature of education, where play serves as a fundamental and effective method for fostering learning and development in children.

ECCE stands for Early Childhood Care and Education. It refers to a comprehensive approach to supporting the development and learning of young children during their early years, typically from birth to around 8 years old.

Key Points In the context of Bihar ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education), the three environments intended to be brought together to promote early learning are:

1. Home
2. Preschool
3. Primary school

These environments are crucial for fostering holistic development and providing comprehensive support for early learning and development in children. They represent different spheres of a child's life where learning opportunities can be maximized to promote their overall growth and well-being.

Thus, it is concluded that Home, preschool, and primary school three environments were intended to be brought together to promote early learning.

Understanding the concept of the environment is crucial for addressing environmental challenges, promoting conservation, and creating a sustainable future for both humans and the diverse ecosystems on Earth.

Key Points

• Surroundings and Conditions: The environment refers to the surroundings and conditions that affect living organisms. It includes physical elements such as air, water, soil, and climate, as well as biological factors like plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• Biotic and Abiotic Components: The environment is composed of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. Biotic factors include all living organisms, while abiotic factors encompass elements like sunlight, temperature, and nutrients.
• Interconnected Systems: Environmental systems are interconnected and interdependent. Changes in one part of the environment can have ripple effects throughout the entire system. For example, alterations in climate patterns can impact ecosystems and the species living within them.
• Influence on Living Organisms: The environment has a profound impact on the growth, development, and survival of living organisms. Different species have adapted to specific environmental conditions over time through the process of evolution.
• Human Influence and Responsibility: Humans, as a species, have a significant impact on the environment. Activities such as deforestation, pollution, and over-exploitation of natural resources can lead to environmental degradation. Recognizing the importance of a healthy environment, there is an increasing emphasis on sustainable practices and conservation efforts.

Hence, the correct answer is Around all.

Lack of prenatal care is associated with an increased risk of various adverse outcomes during pregnancy and childbirth. It is important to note that the absence of prenatal care can contribute to health issues for both the mother and the baby.

Key PointsLack of prenatal care has been linked to an increased risk of:

• Infant mortality: The absence of prenatal care may contribute to higher infant mortality rates due to the lack of early detection and management of potential health issues.
• Premature birth: Adequate prenatal care helps monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus, reducing the risk of premature birth. Lack of prenatal care may result in missed opportunities for interventions that could prevent preterm labor.
• Low birth weight: Prenatal care plays a crucial role in monitoring fetal growth and addressing issues that could lead to low birth weight. Without proper care, there is an increased risk of infants being born with low birth weight.

Important Points

• While lack of prenatal care may not directly cause child abuse, it can contribute to a challenging environment for both the mother and the child, potentially increasing stress and difficulties that may indirectly impact the risk of child abuse.

Hence, the correct answer is Child abuse.

Animism is the tendency to attribute consciousness or life to inanimate objects, natural elements, or abstract concepts.

Key Points 

• It is often associated with early childhood, animism is linked to symbolic thinking and egocentrism, as identified by Jean Piaget.
• It involves imbuing non-living entities with human-like qualities, emotions, or intentions.
• Animism shares similarities with anthropomorphism, where human characteristics are attributed to animals or objects.
• Animistic themes are common in literature and popular culture, where non-human entities are personified to convey deeper meanings.
• It provides insights into how humans perceive and connect with their surroundings, showcasing a tendency to humanize the world for understanding and emotional connection.

Hence, the correct answer is animism.

Concept:

• Inheritance of a trait is usually determined by the dominance-recessive nature of the alleles governing that trait.
• This inheritance pattern follows simple Mendelian Law of Dominance.
• According to this law, a dominant allele is always expressed over a recessive allele.
• As right-handedness is more common in human population than left-handedness, we can assume that left-handedness is a recessive trait.

Explanation:

• According to Mendelian genetics, if both parents are left-handed (recessive), all their children should be left-handed.
• However, in reality, such parents happen to have only up to 50% of their children as left-handed.
• This is because a child's handedness is defined by both genes and environment.
• Even when they have both left-handed parents, their genes need to be triggered in a way that develops left-handedness.
• This has been best shown in identical twins (having same genetic makeup), where each of the twin develops left or right-handedness independently.
• A child’s handedness won’t be immediately apparent when they are an infant.
• Experts believe that if both parents are left-handed there is a 50-50% chance that a child will be left-handed too.
• But if neither is left-handed then that probability falls to about 2%. 
• As recently as 2007 it was discovered that a gene on the father’s side can contribute to left-handedness, so it is something researchers are learning about all the time.

Key Points

• The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is a comprehensive review process conducted by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) in India to assess the implementation and impact of various education programs and schemes.
• The JRM is typically conducted at the district or state level, and involves a team of experts and officials from the MHRD, the state government, and other relevant stakeholders.
• The purpose of the JRM is to ensure accountability and transparency in the implementation of education programs, and to promote continuous improvement and learning.
• The review process can help to identify gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the implementation of programs, and can provide feedback and suggestions for improvement.

Additional Information

Some of the specific areas that may be reviewed during a JRM include:

• Progress towards achieving the goals and targets set under the SSA and RMSA
• Quality of infrastructure and facilities in schools and educational institutions
• Availability and utilization of teaching and learning materials
• Status of teacher training and professional development programs
• Implementation and impact of programs aimed at improving access to education for marginalized and disadvantaged groups, such as girls, children with disabilities, and children from rural areas
• Implementation of the Midday Meal Scheme, which provides free lunch to students in government and government-aided schools across the country. The review process can assess the quality and quantity of food provided, the hygiene and cleanliness of the kitchens, and the overall impact of the scheme on attendance, health, and learning outcomes of the students.

Hence option 4 (1, 2 and 3) is the correct answer.