Gemmae are present in

Correct answer: 1)

Solution:

Concept:

• One of the methods of asexual reproduction in Bryophytes is through gemmae.
• Gemmae can be unicellular or multicellular asexual buds that grow on small receptacles known as gemmae cups.

Explanation:

• Option 1:
• Liverworts are types of Bryophytes.
• Liverworts such as Marchantia have gemmae.
• These gemmae are haploid structures that detach from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

• Option 2:
• Mosses are types of Bryophytes that reproduce asexually as well as sexually.
• Mosses reproduce asexually via fragmentation.
• Option 3:
• Pteridophytes reproduce sexually only.
• They reproduce by producing spores.
• Option 4:
• Gymnosperms also reproduce by the formation of spores.
• They have different types of spores, so, they as known as heterosporous.

So, the correct answer is option 1.