New breed of sheep is developed by ________.

Concept:

• Animal breeding aims at increasing the yield of animals and improving the desirable quality of the produce.
• A breed refers to a group of animals that are related by descent and are similar in most characteristics like general appearance, features, size, configuration, etc.
• Animal breeding can be done by either inbreeding or outbreeding.

Important Points

Inbreeding - 

• It refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations.
• This helps in increasing homozygosity, which is required for maintaining pure-lines.
• It helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes.
• However, it may also lead to inbreeding depression, as the harmful genes might become more exposed.

Outbreeding - 

• It is the breeding of unrelated animals and are of 3 types:

1. Out-crossing - 
   • It is the mating of animals within the same breed but having no common ancestors on either side of pedigree for up to 4-6 generations.
   • The offspring is called as an out-cross.
2. Cross-breeding - 
   • It is a mating between two different breeds.
   • In this process, the superior male of one breed is mated with a superior female of another breed.
   • It produces the desirable qualities of 2 different breeds.
   • Hisardale is the breed of sheep obtained from cross-breeding Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
3. Interspecific Hybridization - 
   • Male and female animals of 2 different, but related species are mated.
   • Example - Mule (Male donkey + Female Horse).

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.