What was the status of the agricultural sector in India before the Green Revolution?

The correct answer is Use of old technology and the absence of required infrastructure.

Key Points

• Before the Green Revolution, Indian agriculture relied heavily on traditional farming techniques that were not very efficient.
• The yield per hectare was significantly low compared to other countries due to the use of outdated methods.
• There was a lack of proper irrigation facilities, making agriculture highly dependent on monsoon rains.
• The agricultural sector faced frequent crop failures and low productivity, leading to food shortages and economic instability.
• Modern infrastructure such as cold storage and transportation facilities were largely absent, leading to significant post-harvest losses.

Additional Information

• Green Revolution
  • The Green Revolution refers to a set of research, development, and technology transfer initiatives that took place between the 1940s and the late 1960s.
  • It involved the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, and the development of better irrigation techniques.
  • Key figures like Norman Borlaug played a significant role in developing and promoting these agricultural innovations.
  • The Green Revolution resulted in a dramatic increase in food grain production, particularly in developing countries like India and Mexico.
• Traditional Farming Techniques
  • These include practices such as manual plowing, seed sowing by hand, and the use of natural fertilizers like manure.
  • Traditional techniques are often labor-intensive and less efficient in terms of yield.
  • They are typically more sustainable and environmentally friendly compared to modern methods that rely heavily on chemical inputs.
• Irrigation in Agriculture
  • Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil, usually for assisting in growing crops.
  • Efficient irrigation systems like drip and sprinkler irrigation can significantly enhance crop yields and water use efficiency.
  • The lack of proper irrigation infrastructure was a major hurdle for farmers before the Green Revolution.
• Post-Harvest Losses
  • Post-harvest losses refer to the reduction in quantity and quality of agricultural produce from the time of harvest until it reaches the consumer.
  • Factors contributing to these losses include poor handling, inadequate storage facilities, and inefficient transportation systems.
  • Minimizing post-harvest losses can significantly improve food security and farmer income.