Which among the following is a covalent compound?

The correct answer is Hydrogen chloride.Key Points

• Covalent compounds are formed when two or more non-metal atoms share electrons to complete their outermost shell.
• Hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound as it is formed by the sharing of electrons between hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
• Magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are both ionic compounds, as they are formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal atom (magnesium or calcium) to a non-metal atom (oxygen or hydroxide).
• Sodium chloride is also an ionic compound, formed by the transfer of electrons between sodium and chlorine atoms.
• Covalent compounds generally have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds, and are often gases or liquids at room temperature.
• Hydrogen chloride is an important industrial chemical used in the production of PVC, refrigerants, and other chemicals.

Additional Information

• Magnesium hydroxide is an important component of antacids and is also used in the production of flame retardants and wastewater treatment.
• Calcium carbonate is found in many natural substances such as limestone, chalk, and marble, and is also used as a dietary supplement and in the production of paper, plastics, and paints.
• Sodium chloride, also known as table salt, is commonly used as a seasoning and preservative in food, as well as in the production of chemicals and textiles.