JJ Act MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for JJ Act - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points Section 12 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015:
Bail to a person who is apparently a child alleged to be in conflict with law.—
(1) When any person, who is apparently a child and is alleged to have committed a a bailable or non-bailable offence, is apprehended or detained by the police or appears or brought before a Board, such person shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) or in any other law for the time being in force, be released on bail with or without surety or placed under the supervision of a probation officer or under the care of any fit person: Provided that such person shall not be so released if there appears reasonable grounds for believing that the release is likely to bring that person into association with any known criminal or expose the said person to moral, physical or psychological danger or the person’s release would defeat the ends of justice, and the Board shall record the reasons for denying the bail and circumstances that led to such a decision. 
(2) When such person having been apprehended is not released on bail under sub-section (1) by the officer-in-charge of the police station, such officer shall cause the person to be kept only in an observation home or a place of safety, as the case may be in such manner as may be prescribed until the person can be brought before a Board.
(3) When such person is not released on bail under sub-section (1) by the Board, it shall make an order sending him to an observation home or a place of safety, as the case may be, for such period during the pendency of the inquiry regarding the person, as may be specified in the order.
(4) When a child in conflict with law is unable to fulfil the conditions of bail order within seven days of the bail order, such child shall be produced before the Board for modification of the conditions of bail.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points Section 2 (33)  of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: “heinous offences” includes the offences for which the minimum punishment under the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) or any other law for the time being in force is imprisonment for seven years or more.

The correct answer is Option 2

Key Points Section 101 of  the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: Appeals.—
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, any person aggrieved by an order made by the Committee or the Board under this Act may, within thirty days from the date of such order, prefer an appeal to the Children’s Court, except for decisions by the Committee related to Foster Care and Sponsorship After Care for which the appeal shall lie with the District Magistrate: Provided that the Court of Sessions, or the District Magistrate, as the case may be, may entertain the appeal after the expiry of the said period of thirty days, if it is satisfied that the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from filing the appeal in time and such appeal shall be decided within a period of thirty days.
(2) An appeal shall lie against an order of the Board passed after making the preliminary assessment into a heinous offence under section 15 of the Act, before the Court of Sessions and the Court may, while deciding the appeal, take the assistance of experienced psychologists and medical specialists other than those whose assistance has been obtained by the Board in passing the order under the said section.
(3) No appeal shall lie from any order of acquittal made by the Board in respect of a child alleged to have committed an offence other than the heinous offence by a child who has completed or is above the age of sixteen years.
(4) No second appeal shall lie from any order of the Court of Session, passed in appeal under this section.
(5) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Children’s Court may file an appeal before the High Court in accordance with the procedure specified in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974).
(6) Any person aggrieved by an adoption order passed by the District Magistrate may, within a period of thirty days from the date of such order passed by the District Magistrate, file an appeal before the Divisional Commissioner.
(7) Every appeal filed under sub-section (6), shall be decided as expeditiously as possible and an endeavour shall be made to dispose it within a period of four weeks from the date of filing of the appeal:
Provided that where there is no Divisional Commissioner, the State Government or Union territory Administration, as the case may be, may, by notification, empower an officer equivalent to the rank of the Divisional Commissioner to decide the appeal.

The correct answer is  Bail to a person who is apparently a child alleged to be in conflict with the law.

Key Points

• Section 12 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, provides for bail to a person who is apparently a child alleged to be in conflict with the law.
• This provision ensures that the principles of juvenile justice, particularly rehabilitation and reformation, take precedence over punitive measures.
• When any person, who is apparently a child and is alleged to have committed a bailable or non-bailable offense, is apprehended or detained or appears or is brought before a Board, such person shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or in any other law for the time being in force, be released on bail with or without surety

        Unless: The Board thinks it is necessary for the child to be detained in a special home:

• For their own safety.
• For the protection of others.
• If releasing the child is likely to defeat the ends of justice.

Additional Information 

• Presumption of Bail:
• The section mandates that bail must ordinarily be granted to a child alleged to be in conflict with the law, irrespective of whether the offense is bailable or non-bailable.
• The primary objective is to ensure that children are not subjected to incarceration, considering their vulnerability and potential for rehabilitation.           
• Exceptions to Bail: 
• Bail may be denied only under three specific conditions:
• Defeating the ends of justice: If releasing the child could jeopardize the investigation, evidence, or trial (e.g., tampering with evidence or intimidating witnesses).
• Protection of others: If the child poses a threat to the community or specific individuals.
• For the child’s own safety: If the child is at risk of harm (e.g., due to substance abuse, suicidal tendencies, or unsafe environment).

The correct answer: 2) They must be placed in a rehabilitation facility with access to education and vocational training.

 Key Points

• Section 18 focuses on ensuring that a child found to be in conflict with the law is not simply punished, but is provided with an opportunity for rehabilitation.
• This includes access to education, vocational training, and other forms of support to help reintegrate them into society.

The correct answer is Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015:
  • An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection by catering to their basic needs through proper care, protection, development, treatment, social re-integration, by adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children and for their rehabilitation through processes provided, and institutions and bodies established, hereinunder and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Key Points

• The act is in force from 15^th January 2016.
• The main aim of the act is to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection.
• Ministry of women and child development is the nodal authority for the implementation of this act.

Additional Information

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was enacted for the first time in 1986 and got enforced nationwide in the year 2000.
• This act was also amended in 2006 and 2011.
• But the act underwent major changes in 2015 and thus it was renamed as The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

The correct answer is 3 Years.

Key Points

•  Section 27 Juvenile Justice Act 2015
  • No person shall be appointed as a member of the Committee unless such person has been actively involved in health, education, or welfare activities pertaining to children for at least seven years or is a practising professional with a degree in child psychology or psychiatry, or law or social work or sociology or human development.
  • No person shall be appointed as a member unless he possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed.
  • No person shall be appointed for a period of more than three years as a member of the Committee.

Additional Information

• THE JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN) ACT, 2015
  • An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with the law and children in need of care and protection by catering to their basic needs through proper care, protection, development, treatment, and social re-integration, by adopting a the child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children and for their rehabilitation through processes provided, and institutions and bodies established, herein under, and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

The correct answer is Child against law.

Key Points

• According to the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, a child who has been charged with or has committed an offense and who has not completed the age of eighteen years on the date of the commission of such offence is' ​​is known as Child against law.

Additional Information

• Abandoned child means a child deserted by his biological or adoptive parents or guardians, who has been declared as abandoned by the Committee after due inquiry;
• Delinquent child or “delinquent” means a child who has committed an act of delinquency and is in need of care or rehabilitation.
• A child in need of care and protection is to be produced before the Child Welfare Committee within 24 hours.
  • The Act provides for compulsory reporting of a child found separated from his guardian.
  • Non-reporting has been treated as a punishable offense.
  • The Child Welfare Committee is to send the child in need of care and protection to an appropriate child care institution and direct a social worker, case worker, or child welfare officer to conduct a social inquiry within 15 days.

The correct answer is option 1.Key Points

• Section 12 of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection Of Children) Act, 2015 deals with Bail to a person who is apparently a child alleged to be in conflict with law.
• (1) When any person, who is apparently a child and is alleged to have committed a abailable or non-bailable offence, is apprehended or detained by the police or appears or brought before a Board, such person shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) or in any other law for the time being in force, be released on bail with or without surety or placed under the supervision of a probation officer or under the care of any fit person:
  • Provided that such person shall not be so released if there appears reasonable grounds for believing that the release is likely to bring that person into association with any known criminal or expose the said person to moral, physical or psychological danger or the person’s release would defeat the ends of justice, and the Board shall record the reasons for denying the bail and circumstances that led to such a decision.
• (2) When such person having been apprehended is not released on bail under sub-section (1) by the officer-in-charge of the police station, such officer shall cause the person to be kept only in an observation home or a place of safety, as the case may be] in such manner as may be prescribed until the person can be brought before a Board.
• (3) When such person is not released on bail under sub-section (1) by the Board, it shall make an order sending him to an observation home or a place of safety, as the case may be, for such period during the pendency of the inquiry regarding the person, as may be specified in the order.
• (4) When a child in conflict with law is unable to fulfil the conditions of bail order within seven days of the bail order, such child shall be produced before the Board for modification of the conditions of bail.

The correct answer is option 4.Key Points

•  Section 19 of of the Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2015 deals with Powers of Children’s Court.
• Subsection (3) says the Children’s Court shall ensure that the child who is found to be in conflict with law is sent to a place of safety till he attains the age of twenty-one years and thereafter, the person shall be transferred to a jail:
  • Provided that the reformative services including educational services, skill development, alternative therapy such as counselling, behaviour modification therapy, and psychiatric support shall be provided to the child during the period of his stay in the place of safety.
• Subsection (4) says the Children’s Court shall ensure that there is a periodic follow up report every year by the probation officer or the District Child Protection Unit or a social worker, as required, to evaluate the progress of the child in the place of safety and to ensure that there is no ill-treatment to the child in any form.

The correct answer is option 4.Key Points

• Section 3 of the Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2015 deals with General principles to be followed in administration of Act.
• The Central Government, the State Governments, the Board, the Committee, or other agencies, as the case may be, while implementing the provisions of this Act shall be guided by the following fundamental principles, namely:
  • (i) Principle of presumption of innocence: Any child shall be presumed to be an innocent of any mala fide or criminal intent up to the age of eighteen years.
  • (ii) Principle of dignity and worth: All human beings shall be treated with equal dignity and rights.
  • (iii) Principle of participation: Every child shall have a right to be heard and to participate in all processes and decisions affecting his interest and the child’s views shall be taken into consideration with due regard to the age and maturity of the child.
  • (iv) Principle of best interest: All decisions regarding the child shall be based on the primary consideration that they are in the best interest of the child and to help the child to develop full potential.
  • (v) Principle of family responsibility: The primary responsibility of care, nurture and protection of the child shall be that of the biological family or adoptive or foster parents, as the case may be.
  • (vi) Principle of safety: All measures shall be taken to ensure that the child is safe and is not subjected to any harm, abuse or maltreatment while in contact with the care and protection system, and thereafter.
  • (vii) Positive measures: All resources are to be mobilised including those of family and community, for promoting the well-being, facilitating development of identity and providing an inclusive and enabling environment, to reduce vulnerabilities of children and the need for intervention under this Act.
  • (viii) Principle of non-stigmatising semantics: Adversarial or accusatory words are not to be used in the processes pertaining to a child.
  • (ix) Principle of non-waiver of rights: No waiver of any of the right of the child is permissible or valid, whether sought by the child or person acting on behalf of the child, or a Board or a Committee and any non-exercise of a fundamental right shall not amount to waiver.
  • (x) Principle of equality and non-discrimination: There shall be no discrimination against a child on any grounds including sex, caste, ethnicity, place of birth, disability and equality of access, opportunity and treatment shall be provided to every child.
  • (xi) Principle of right to privacy and confidentiality: Every child shall have a right to protection of his privacy and confidentiality, by all means and throughout the judicial process.
  • (xii) Principle of institutionalisation as a measure of last resort: A child shall be placed in institutional care as a step of last resort after making a reasonable inquiry.
  • (xiii) Principle of repatriation and restoration: Every child in the juvenile justice system shall have the right to be re-united with his family at the earliest and to be restored to the same socio-economic and cultural status that he was in, before coming under the purview of this Act, unless such restoration and repatriation is not in his best interest.
  • (xiv) Principle of fresh start: All past records of any child under the Juvenile Justice system should be erased except in special circumstances.
  • (xv) Principle of diversion: Measures for dealing with children in conflict with law without resorting to judicial proceedings shall be promoted unless it is in the best interest of the child or the society as a whole.
  • (xvi) Principles of natural justice: Basic procedural standards of fairness shall be adhered to, including the right to a fair hearing, rule against bias and the right to review, by all persons or bodies, acting in a judicial capacity under this Act.

The correct answer is option 1Key PointsSection 2 (13) of of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 deals with “child in conflict with law” means a child who is alleged or found to have committed an offence and who has not completed eighteen years of age on the date of commission of such offence.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key PointsSection 16: Review of pendency of inquiry

1. The Chief Judicial Magistrate or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate shall review the pendency of cases of the Board once in every three months, and shall direct the Board to increase the frequency of its sittings or may recommend the constitution of additional Boards.
2. The number of cases pending before the Board, duration of such pendency, nature of pendency and reasons thereof shall be reviewed in every six months by a high level committee consisting of the Executive Chairperson of the State Legal Services Authority, who shall be the Chairperson, the Home Secretary, the Secretary responsible for the implementation of this Act in the State and a representative from a voluntary or non-governmental organisation to be nominated by the Chairperson.
3. The information of such pendency shall also be furnished by the Board to the Chief Judicial Magistrate or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and the District Magistrate on quarterly basis in such form as may be prescribed by the State Government

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Section 2 (12), 2 (13) and 2 (35) clearly shows that a child or a juvenile is a person who has not completed 18 years of age and child in conflict with law is a child/ Juvenile who commits an offence when that child/Juvenile has not completed 18 years of age. The classification of petty offence, serious offence and heinous offence was a departure from the previous legislation on the subject where the offences had not been categorised as heinous, petty or serious.
• There is a question raised before the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Crl.A.No.34 of 2020 that “  Shilpa Mittal v. State NCT Delhi and Another” whether an offence prescribing a maximum sentence more than 7 years of imprisonment but not providing any minimum sentence, or providing a minimum sentence of less than  7 years can be considered to be a heinous” within the meaning of Section 2 (33) of Juvenile Justice Act, 2015

The correct answer is Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015:
  • An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection by catering to their basic needs through proper care, protection, development, treatment, social re-integration, by adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children and for their rehabilitation through processes provided, and institutions and bodies established, hereinunder and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Key Points

• The act is in force from 15^th January 2016.
• The main aim of the act is to consolidate and amend the law relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection.
• Ministry of women and child development is the nodal authority for the implementation of this act.

Additional Information

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was enacted for the first time in 1986 and got enforced nationwide in the year 2000.
• This act was also amended in 2006 and 2011.
• But the act underwent major changes in 2015 and thus it was renamed as The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.