What is the significance of 26 January being chosen as a day to celebrate the Republic Day, aside from the adoption of the constitution? 

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SSC CGL 2023 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On: 21 Jul 2023 Shift 1)
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  1. Revolution of 1857
  2. Foundation day of the Indian National Congress
  3. Declaration of Purna Swaraj
  4. Day of the Champaran Satyagraha

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Declaration of Purna Swaraj
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Declaration of Purna Swaraj.

Key Points

  • Significance of 26 January being chosen as a day to celebrate Republic Day, aside from the adoption of the constitution as the day Indian National Congress (INC) issued the Declaration of Indian Independence in 1930,
  • The day was chosen since it was the day that the Poorna Swaraj resolution of the Congress was adopted.
  • Republic Day is observed nationwide on January 26, 1950, the day the Constitution became operative.
  • This day marked the beginning of India's ancient civilization, a mashup of several cultures and kingdoms. ​

Additional Information

  • Champaran Satyagraha (April 1917):
    • It was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in the Champaran district of Bihar.
    • The Issue was Indigo Cultivation under the Tinkathia System ((3/20)th of total land).
    • Gandhi convinced the authorities to end the system
    • Demand was accepted and 25% compensation was given.
  • Indian National Congress
    • The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885 by A.O. Hume, an Englishman, and a retired civil servant.
    • Indian National Congress was established in 1885.
    • The first session of INC was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskriti College in Bombay.
    • It was presided over by Womesh Chandra Banerjee of Bengal and attended by 72 delegates.
    • W.C. Banerjee was one of the first-ever Indian barristers and one of the foremost legal luminaries of the day, his election established a healthy precedent that the president should be chosen from a province other than the one in which the Congress was being held. 
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