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Home / UPSC Editorials / Joint Commanders' Conference 2024

Joint Commanders' Conference 2024: Outcomes & Significance | UPSC Editorials

Last Updated on Sep 30, 2024
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India's military preparedness has always been a cornerstone of its national security strategy. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh's latest move towards setting up the Joint Commanders' Conference (JCC) marks a great leap in taking India's defense mechanisms one step ahead. The inaugural session of JCC held at Lucknow met for what and showed that without being readied for war, true peace is unattainable: the most universal axiomatic reality which underlies any military force's raison d'être. Though it favours the present CCC, a comprehensive review is still necessary to tackle varied issues and opportunities in India's Defence sector.

Read the article on the India Africa defence dialogue!

What is the Joint Commanders' Conference (JCC)?

The Joint Commanders' Conference is a mechanism that pools together the highest commanders of the Indian armed forces to deliberate issues pertaining to national security in more depth. It is convened by the Defence Minister with the specific objective of having an in-depth review of military preparedness and policy implementation in a relatively depoliticized and focused setting compared to the CCC, which is presided over by the Prime Minister and therefore not only influenced by narrower strategic considerations but also seeks to cover broader strategic themes.

The JCC would work as an appropriate forum for an out-and-out candid discussion on the modernization of the armed forces, strategic planning, resource allocation, and preparedness in operations. The topic 'Transforming the Armed Forces' gains relevant importance under the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi for a robust and self-sufficient defense setup. The conference is meant to review the reforms underway and to deliberate upon strategies for the future that would enhance India's preparedness.

Key Highlights of the Joint Commanders’ Conference (JCC) 2024

The JCC 2024 focused on the underlined key areas:

  • Modernization and Acquisition: Modernization and acquisition of redressing chronic shortfalls in military inventory and speeding up of modernization acquisitions.
  • Indigenization Efforts: Indigenization efforts on pursuing "aatmanirbharata" with focus on defense production through indigenous research and development;
  • Personnel Welfare: Reassessing initiatives like the One Rank One Pension (OROP) and examining the impact of schemes like Agnipath on force structures.
  • Operational Readiness: Evaluate the readiness of the armed forces keeping in view the prevailing geopolitical turmoil and the security scenario of the country such as the Galwan incident of 2020.

Read the article on the defence acquisition council!

Analysis based on 

Editorial Taking stock of India’s military preparedness published in The Indian Express on September 23rd, 2024

Topics for UPSC Prelims

Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), iDEX, Joint Commanders’ Conference (JCC), Indigenization efforts

Topics for UPSC Mains

Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate, Role of civil services in a democracy with special reference to defense establishments.

Difference between Joint Commanders’ Conference (JCC) & Combined Commanders’ Conference

While the objective of JCC and CCC is to make Indian strategic posture in defense stronger and stronger, they are both very much different in terms of thrust and implementation:

Difference between Joint Commanders’ Conference (JCC) & Combined Commanders’ Conference

Aspect

Joint Commanders’ Conference (JCC)

Combined Commanders’ Conference (CCC)

Chairperson

Defence Minister

Prime Minister

Primary Focus

In-depth deliberations on military strategies, policies, and operational readiness

Broad strategic, regional, and global military matters

Frequency

Instituted recently, no fixed annual schedule yet

Traditionally an annual event, though not held consistently in recent years

Subjects of Discussion

Detailed policy review, modernization, resource allocation, personnel welfare

High-level strategic planning and major policy directives

Political Involvement

Less politicized, focused on professional military matters

Increased political visibility, sometimes coinciding with political events

Themes

Recent theme was 'Transforming the Armed Forces'

Themes vary, often aligning with current strategic priorities

Attendee Composition

Top military commanders along with the Defence Minister

Top military commanders; Prime Minister presides, often attended by political leaders

Setting

Military bases and operational environments

Recently held in non-military venues, sometimes international convention centers

Purpose

Provides a platform for candid internal military discussions and policy review

Broader strategic review and alignment with national political and security goals

Scope

Focuses on actionable insights and comprehensive review within the defense sector

Encompasses higher-level strategic oversight that often includes input from the PM’s broader security framework

Specific Initiatives Discussed

Military preparedness, modernization efforts, indigenization (iDEX, aatmanirbharata)

High-level global military engagement, defense policies at a macro level

Read the article on the defence procurement procedure 2016!

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Challenges Faced by the Indian Defence Sector

Even after decades of policy reforms and initiatives, the Indian defense sector remains burdened by a good number of "enduring" challenges:

  • Modernization Requirements: The armory is largely vintage, with an appreciable percentage falling in the vintage category. This arsenal badly needs modernization which itself requires colossal investment as well as focusing on the policy aspect.
  • Budget Fluctuation: The erosion of value in rupees is making it really challenging to stabilise procurement processes and modernizations, as it always gyrates between the cost-effectiveness of imports vs indigenous production.
  • Manpower shortages: The alarming levels of vacancies in the armed forces indicate that recruitment and retention strategies must be well designed. Sustainable force structures must be ensured in the aftermath of the Agnipath scheme.
  • Operational readiness: Threats from neighbors and activities related to insurgents/dissidents will continue persistently in this region. Army preparedness and systems have to be tough and responsive.
  • Civil-Military Relations: Effective civil-military synergism is very important for coherent policy implementation. Political overtones in defence matters would dilute institutional efficiency and morale.

Read the article on the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense!

Significance of Indigenisation of Defence

Indigenous capability is very essential to the strategic autonomy of a country and lower dependence on foreign military supplies that are often unpredictable in their supply. Independent development of indigenous capabilities means better control of technology and the supply chain for defense; higher national security; and national economic development.

Indigenization processes have been pushed forward, particularly by the increased presence of the private sector and academia. Nonetheless, such endeavors require further investment, correct policymaking, and a facilitative innovation-friendly environment. Initiatives such as iDEX and Make in India in Defence are in the right direction but must be continuously evaluated and supported to help realise long-term goals.

Defence Excellence (iDEX) Initiative and iDEX Prime

The Ministry of Defence has Innovation for Defence Excellence, a flagship program that encourages startups, MSMEs, and academia to advance innovation and R&D in defence technology. iDEX Prime takes it forward with an advanced project that scales successful innovation up into meaningful goods or services that are keenly perceived by the armed forces to meet the specific needs.

Through iDEX and iDEX Prime, India will reduce dependence on imports, enhance strategic autonomy, and look toward projecting itself as a leader in defense innovation. These initiatives would foster greater cooperation between the defense sector and private enterprise to realize India's technological strengths and develop world-class military solutions.

Read the article on the Defence of India Act of 1915!

Government Initiatives to Boost the Modernisation of Defence Forces

The government of India has taken several initiatives towards modernizing its defense forces.

  • Defense Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020: It seeks to simplify a number of the procurement procedures thereof ushering efficiency and transparency in the process.
  • Strategic Partnership Model: Alliances with the private players for developing manufacturing through partnerships.
  • Defense Corridors: Creating defense manufacturing hubs with world-class infrastructure to enable domestic production.
  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy: Increased FDI in the defense sector to gain through investment and technology transfer.
  • Budgetary Allocations: Increase in the budgetary spending to incur capital expenditure in the defense sector.

These steps are to ensure a shift in the defense capability of India so that Indian armed forces can face all the challenges ahead in the due course of time.

Read the article on the Chief of Defence Staff India!

Conclusion

The establishment of the JCC by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has certainly been the giant step forward for the improvement in militarily or military preparedness and effectiveness of India. The JCC complements similar entities like the CCC by closing present gaps in modernization, personnel welfare, and operational readiness but makes a system that would allow military leaders more time for proper reviews and planning. More persistent efforts have to be made to transcend the gaps in inventory shortages, budget constraints, and manpower inadequacies. Indigenization and continued government input are also critical factors to the modernization agenda. Through bold reforms and strategic investment, India will improve defense capabilities to establish sound national security in a complex global situation.

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UPSC Practice Questions

Q1. Discuss the significance of the Joint Commanders’ Conference (JCC) in enhancing India's military preparedness. Compare it with the Combined Commanders’ Conference (CCC) in terms of their roles, focus areas, and outcomes.

Q2. Assess the challenges faced by India’s defense sector in achieving modernization and self-reliance. How can initiatives like iDEX and indigenization efforts help in overcoming these challenges?

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