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Home / IAS Preparation / Science & Technology Notes / SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1)

NASA’s SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1): Objectives, Timeline & Spacecraft for UPSC

Last Updated on Jun 17, 2025
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With more and more missions planned for the Moon, Mars, and even asteroids, NASA continues to lead the way in exploring deep space. Its work influences how countries around the world think about space, how we discuss environmental issues, and it inspires people to study and learn more – making NASA a fascinating topic from many different angles.

In this article, we will go deeper about the SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) mission for UPSC CSE Examination which was launched to reach International Space Station (ISS), enhancing our understanding of its dynamics, importance in space science, and long-term mission utility.

  • The launch of SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) on October 8, 2012 signified the beginning of a new chapter in scientific discovery.  
  • Engineers and scientists have collaborated extensively to meet the missions key objective, which is to First commercial cargo resupply mission to ISS by SpaceX, requiring innovative technological solutions.  
  • The decision to go ahead with this ISS commercial cargo resupply was made only after thorough safety checks and many practice runs.  
  • Carefully, the team integrated the precious payload with the Falcon 9 v10, a critical step before launch. 
  • The launch of the mission happened at Cape Canaveral, SLC-40. 
  • The mission was carried out over a period of ~18 days (berthed to ISS). 
  • NASA (customer), SpaceX (provider) led the planning and execution of the mission. 
  • The final outcome of the mission was Completed (Successful). 
  • The mission had an estimated cost of Part of CRS contract with NASA, aiming to expand humanity’s reach into deep space. 

NASA’s SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) includes Pressurized/unpressurized cargo for ISS, research experiments, designed to improve navigation, data collection, and environmental monitoring.

SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) incorporated Commercial reusable cargo spacecraft, autonomous rendezvous with ISS to enable autonomous decision-making and enhance adaptability in space environments. This comprehensive article on NASA SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) Space mission helps UPSC aspirants understand the full life cycle of a modern space mission which is relevant for GS Paper 2, GS Paper 3, GS Paper 4, and Essay.

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NASA SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) Space Mission Overview 

SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) – Space Mission Profile for UPSC

Target Celestial Body

International Space Station (ISS)

Launch Date

October 8, 2012

Objective

First commercial cargo resupply mission to ISS by SpaceX

Mission Type

ISS commercial cargo resupply

Launch Vehicle

Falcon 9 v10

Launch Site

Cape Canaveral, SLC-40

Mission Duration

~18 days (berthed to ISS)

Agencies Involved

NASA (customer), SpaceX (provider)

Mission Status

Completed (Successful)

Estimated Cost

Part of CRS contract with NASA

Proposal Date

COTS program initiated mid-2000s; CRS contract followed

New Instruments/Payloads

Pressurized/unpressurized cargo for ISS, research experiments

Key Technologies Used

Commercial reusable cargo spacecraft, autonomous rendezvous with ISS

Also, Checkout Sunita Williams’ Missions to the International Space Station

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SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) Space Mission Global Contributions

NASAs collaboration with ISS international partners benefit from cargo on SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) advanced both technical development and diplomatic ties in space research.

  • The Cargo from NASA and potentially other ISS partners in SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) significantly improved its ability to perform autonomous science and diagnostics. 
  • NASA collaborated with SpaceX (developed/operated Dragon and Falcon 9) to incorporate cutting-edge technologies and reduce reliance on government-built infrastructure. 
  • Through Mission data related to cargo delivery shared with NASA, NASA facilitated global collaboration by making mission data accessible to scientists worldwide. 
  • The global significance of SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) was reflected in its role as Demonstrated viability of commercial ISS resupply model, influencing the way nations coordinate and plan space missions. 

Global Collaboration & Strategic Impact

International Partners

ISS international partners benefit from cargo

Payload Contributions

Cargo from NASA and potentially other ISS partners

Commercial Involvement

SpaceX (developed/operated Dragon and Falcon 9)

Data Sharing Agreements

Mission data related to cargo delivery shared with NASA

Impact on Global Space Policy

Demonstrated viability of commercial ISS resupply model
Checkout: Daily UPSC Current Affairs for your upcoming exam and get thorough with detailed Insights, Trends and Latest Developments for UPSC CSE Exam

Challenges & Risk in SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) Space Mission

During various mission phases, SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) had to manage risks like One Falcon 9 engine failed during ascent (mission still successful), which were resolved through creative engineering solutions and the application of redundant safety mechanisms.

  • Mitigating risks like First operational commercial cargo flight; engine anomaly on ascent was essential to ensuring the missions success and preserving scientific goals. 
  • Environmental considerations were factored into SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1), resulting in Dragon capsule recovered; Falcon 9 first stage expended as its end-of-life footprint. 

Operational Risks, Environmental Impact & Challenges

Risk & Mitigation Log

First operational commercial cargo flight; engine anomaly on ascent

Environmental & Sustainability Footprint

Dragon capsule recovered; Falcon 9 first stage expended

Challenges Faced

One Falcon 9 engine failed during ascent (mission still successful)

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Mission Timeline of SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1) NASA Space Mission
  • On COTS program initiated mid-2000s; CRS contract followed, the initial mission outline was submitted to NASA leadership. 
  • On October 10, 2012 (Berthing); October 28, 2012 (Splashdown), mission control confirmed the spacecraft’s successful encounter with its target, with all systems performing as expected. 
  • By October 28, 2012 (Capsule recovery), the spacecraft had met or exceeded its planned targets, and the mission entered its post-primary phase. 

Mission Timeline & Key Milestones

Proposal Date

COTS program initiated mid-2000s; CRS contract followed

Critical Design Review (CDR) Date

N/A for specific mission (part of vehicle certification)

Assembly Complete Date

N/A

Launch Date

October 8, 2012

Landing / Flyby Date

October 10, 2012 (Berthing); October 28, 2012 (Splashdown)

End of Primary Mission Date

October 28, 2012 (Capsule recovery)

Get to Know the detailed UPSC Syllabus for IAS Prelims & Mains Exam!

UPSC Relevance of SpaceX CRS-1 Dragon (SpX-1)
  • Understanding NASA’s space missions is crucial for UPSC aspirants, as these topics often feature under current science and tech developments.
  • The influence of NASA’s technological advancements on India’s space ambitions can be analyzed in GS Paper 3, particularly in questions on indigenization and self-reliance in space tech.
  • In the UPSC CSE GS Paper 4 (Ethics), aspirants may be asked to evaluate whether the pursuit of advanced space technology, such as NASA’s missions, aligns with ethical duties toward humanity’s broader needs.
  • NASA’s advancements in Earth observation, international collaboration, and planetary exploration serve as rich case studies in Geography, PSIR, and Public Administration optional papers, particularly when discussing global commons and policy frameworks.

Also, Learn about International Space Station (ISS)

Past UPCS Mains PYQs on NASA Space Missions

Q1. Launched on 25th December 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor space telescopes? What are the key goals of this mission? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race? (2022, GS Paper 3) 

Q2. How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth? (2017, GS Paper 1)

Q3. The safe landing of the ‘Curiosity’ Rover under NASA’s space programme has sparked many possibilities. What are those and how could humankind benefit from them? (2012, GS Paper 2)

Past UPCS Prelims PYQs on NASA Space Missions

Q1 [2022]: Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in the media?

(a) A hypersonic missile is launched into space to counter the asteroid approaching the Earth and explode it in space.

(b) A spacecraft lands on another planet after making several orbital motions.

(c) A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.

(d) A spacecraft moves along a comet with the same speed and places a probe on its surface.

Answer: (c) A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.

Explanation: While this question pertains to a military concept, NASAs research into orbital mechanics and space trajectories contributes to the broader understanding of such technologies.

Q2 [2020]: “The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometres long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to:

(a) Voyager-2

(b) New Horizons

(c) Lisa Pathfinder

(d) Evolved LISA

Answer: (d) Evolved LISA

Explanation: Evolved LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is a space-based gravitational wave observatory developed by ESA with contributions from NASA.

Q3 [2017]: What is the purpose of ‘evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)’ project?

(a) To detect neutrinos

(b) To detect gravitational waves

(c) To detect the effectiveness of missile defence system

(d) To study the effect of solar flares on our communication systems

Answer: (b) To detect gravitational waves

Explanation: Evolved Laser Space Interferometer Space Antenna (ELISA) project was widely in the news due to the discovery of gravitational waves by the LIGO detector and the subsequent success of the LISA pathfinder project. The European Space Agency is leading the ELISA mission. The project is initiated to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves.

Q4 [2016]: What is ‘Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)’, recently in the news?

(a) Electric plane tested by NASA

(b) Solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed by Japan

(c) Space observatory launched by China

(d) Reusable rocket designed by ISRO

Answer: (a) Electric plane tested by NASA
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Explanation: GL-10 is a remotely piloted plane similar to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). It is designed and developed in such a way that it can take off like a helicopter and fly like an airplane. It is a battery-powered 10-engine with a wingspan of 3.05 meters. Eight electric motors are mounted on the wings. 2 electric motors are mounted on the tail. It weighs a maximum of 28.1 kilograms at takeoff. Due to its versatile vertical takeoff and landing ability, it produces less noise. It can be used as a UAV for small package delivery or vertical takeoff and landing, as well as long-endurance surveillance for agriculture, mapping, and other applications. Its modified scaled-up version can be used as a persons air vehicle.

Q5 [2015]: The term ‘Goldilocks Zone’ is often seen in the news in the context of:

(a) The limits of habitable zone above the surface of the Earth

(b) Regions inside the Earth where shale gas is available

(c) Search for the Earth-like planets in outer space

(d) Search for meteorites containing precious metals

Answer: (c) Search for the Earth-like planets in outer space

Explanation: The Goldilocks Zone is the livable zone around a star where the temperature is not too hot and not too cold for liquid water to exist on a planet. It is a metaphor for the childrens story Goldilocks and the Three Bears, in which a young girl selects from sets of three objects, eschewing the extremes (such as those that are enormous or small, hot or cold) and fixing on the one that is just right in the middle. The Goldilocks zone of the Sun surrounds the Earth. All of Earths water would freeze if it were found where the dwarf planet Pluto is; however, all of Earths water would boil out if it were found where Mercury is.

Also, Get to Know What was NASA's Parker Solar Probe Mission

UPSC Practice Questions on NASA Space Missions

Q1. Which of the following is Indias first solar mission set to begin in 2022?
1. Solar orbiter mission
2. Gaganyaan
3. Chandrayaan
4. Aditya-L1

Answer: 4
Solution: The correct answer is Aditya L1. Aditya L1 is a planned coronagraphy spacecraft to study the solar atmosphere. It will be inserted in a halo orbit around the L1 point between Earth and Sun where it will study the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and its impact on the environment around Earth. It is the first dedicated Indian mission to observe Sun, it is planned to be launched in January 2023 aboard a PSLV-XL launch vehicle.

Q2. Where will NASA send its next-generation atomic clock in 2019?
1. Mars
2. Moon
3. North Pole
4. Space

Answer: 4
Solution: The correct answer is Space. NASA's Deep Space Atomic Clock Mission has been pushing the timekeeping frontiers in space, hence the correct answer is option 4.

Q3. Curiosity rover, of which organisation, found new evidence of an ancient lake in the form of rocks etched with the ripples of waves in the foothills of a Martian mountain?
1. ESA
2. NASA
3. Roscosmos
4. JAXA

Answer: 2
Solution: The correct answer is NASA. US space agency NASA's Curiosity rover found new evidence of an ancient lake in the form of rocks etched with the ripples of waves in the foothills of a Martian mountain. The rover has found some of the clearest evidence of ancient waters. The evidence was found at an area called the sulfate-bearing unit. The Curiosity rover has been exploring the Martian surface since 2012.

Q4. Consider the following statements regarding Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols Mission MAIA:
1. It is a joint mission between NASA and the Italian Space Agency.
2. It aims to investigate the health impact of air pollution.
3. The duration of the mission is three years.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1. 1 and 2 only
2. 2 and 3 only
3. 1 and 3 only
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4
Solution: The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3. The Indian Express recently reported that NASA announced it is partnering with the Italian Space Agency ASI to build and launch the MAIA mission.

Q5. Which of the following statements regarding NASAs PACE mission is are correct?
1. The primary goal of PACE is to study the Mars terrain.
2. PACE mission aims to provide data to improve our understanding of Moons oceans and atmosphere.
3. It will specifically provide insights about planetary systems outside our solar system.
4. The spacecraft will be looking inward at the earth and not outward into space.

Answer: 4
Solution: The correct answer is option 4. PACE mission aims to study the Earth's ocean and atmosphere, not the Mars terrain. PACE stands for Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem, which are all related to the Earth's environment.

Q6. On which rocket was the X-37B robot spaceplane launched for its seventh mission?
1. Saturn V
2. Atlas V
3. Falcon 9
4. Falcon Heavy

Answer: 4
Solution: The correct answer is Falcon Heavy. US military's secretive X-37B robotic spaceplane launched atop SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket for the first time. This marks the seventh mission of the X-37B and the first time it has journeyed to orbit aboard the Falcon Heavy.

Q7. Proba - 3 Mission, which will be launched aboard ISROs PSLV, is associated with which space agency?
1. ESA European Space Agency
2. CNSA The China National Space Administration
3. NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
4. JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Answer: 1
Solution: The correct answer is ESA European Space Agency. The Proba-3 Mission is associated with the European Space Agency ESA. The primary objective of the Proba-3 mission is to study the Suns corona, its outer atmosphere, by creating an artificial solar eclipse.

Q8. Which one of the following missions aims to revolutionize commercial spaceflight with a high-orbit mission and the first-ever private spacewalk by non-professional astronauts?
1. Artemis I
2. Inspiration4
3. Polaris Dawn
4. Axiom Mission 1

Answer: 3
Solution: The correct answer is option 3. Polaris Dawn is a mission designed to push the boundaries of commercial spaceflight. It aims to reach the highest Earth orbit ever flown and will feature the first-ever private spacewalk by non-professional astronauts.

Q9. Which company has NASA selected to launch the Pandora mission to study exoplanets and their atmospheres?
1. Blue Origin
2. SpaceX
3. Boeing
4. Rocket Lab

Answer: 2
Solution: The correct answer is SpaceX. NASA selects SpaceXs Starbase launch facility in Cameron County, Texas, for the Pandora satellite mission. The mission will study at least 20 exoplanets and their atmospheres by analyzing how light passes through them.

Q10. Which mission discovered a rare Einstein ring near galaxy NGC 6505, formed by gravitational lensing?
1. Hubble Space Telescope
2. James Webb Space Telescope
3. NASAs Chandra X-ray Observatory
4. ESAs Euclid mission

Answer: 4
Solution: The correct answer is ESA's Euclid mission. The Euclid mission has unveiled an Einstein ring around galaxy NGC 6505, located 590 million light-years from Earth. This rare gravitational lensing effect was captured by Euclid's high-resolution instruments, marking a significant achievement in the study of dark matter and the expansion of the Universe.

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Also, Read about Axiom 4 Mission (Ax-4) for UPSC

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