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Home / IAS Preparation / National Solar Mission

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission - Objectives & Benefits

Last Updated on Nov 14, 2023
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Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) was launched to promote solar energy in India. It was launched by the Government of India. The JNNSM, first introduced in January 2010 and has since undergone two amendments, now boasts a goal of 100 GW of solar PV by 2022.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It covers a significant part of the Government Schemes section in the General Studies Paper-2 Syllabus and current events of national importance in general studies paper -1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

In this article, let us look at the National Solar Mission objectives, the mission targets, its benefits, the implementation phases, the implementation model, the government funding, its achievements, and the current status of the solar energy sector in India UPSC IAS Examination.

What is Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission?

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is also known as the National Solar Mission. It is a major initiative of the Government of India to promote solar power in the country. The mission was launched in 2010 with the objective of establishing India as a global leader in solar energy. This is achieved by creating the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as quickly as possible.

Major Objectives of JNNSM

  • To attain 100 GW of solar energy by 2022 (increased from the initial 20 GW).
  • To lessen the detrimental effect on the environment due to power generation.
  • To foster the use of cleaner fuel.
  • To foster both on-grid and off-grid power.

Check out this article on the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) now.

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Targets for the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
  • The mission was inaugurated with a set target of 20,000 MW of grid-connected solar power by 2022 and was later amended in June 2015 to 1,00,000 MW by 2022.
  • The achievement of 100 GW solar power capacity has been divided as below:
    • Generation of electricity using rooftop solar – 40 GW and
    • Grid-connected solar projects of large and medium scale – 60 GW

Year-wise Targets

Category

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

Total

Rooftop Solar

200

4,800

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

40,000

Ground Mounted Solar projects

1,800

7,200

10,000

10,000

10,000

9,500

8,500

57,000

Total

2,000

12,000

15,000

16,000

17,000

17,500

17,500

97,000
  • The mission aims to attain 15 million sq meters of solar thermal collection area by 2017 and 20 million by 2022.
  • It intends to roll out 20 million solar lighting arrangements for rural areas by 2022.
  • To build up the capacity of grid-connected solar power production to 1000 MW within three years by 2013. An extra 3000 MW by 2017 through the compulsory use of the renewable purchase obligation with amenities supported with a preferential tariff.
  • This capacity can be more than doubled, reaching 10,000 MW of installed solar power by 2017 or more, based on the improvement and enabled the transfer of international finance and technology.
  • The challenging target for 2022 of 20,000 MW or more will depend on the learning perceptions from the other two phases. The capacity could be compounded if there is an option for international finance and technology.
  • To establish favorable conditions for solar manufacturing capability, especially solar thermal, for indigenous production and market leadership.
  • To encourage programs for off-grid applications, touching 1000 MW by 2017 and 2000 MW by 2022.

Check out this article on the Green GDP now.

Funding for Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
  • 94 Billion USD came to be the complete cost for producing 100GW solar power.
  • A few bilateral and global contributors were also involved in the government, such as the Green Climate Fund under the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).
  • Also, large public sectors were considered for investments.
  • Funds were produced through independent power producers and bundling mechanisms with thermal power.
  • The government of India provided Rs 15,050 crore as a capital grant to foster solar capacity addition.
  • This capital subsidy was provided for rooftop solar projects in several cities and towns, for viability gap funding-based projects to be generated through the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), and for decentralized production through smaller projects.
  • It was planned to reduce the expense of this project through long-term policy, large-scale implementation goals, and the indigenous production of critical raw materials, components, and products to attain grid tariff by 2022.

Check out this article on the Environmental impact assessment for UPSC now.

Implementation of JNNSM

Implementing the National Solar Mission involves the following phases and the implementation model.

Phase 1

The target set was 1,000 MW of grid-connected solar plants, 100 MW of rooftop and small solar plants, and 200 MW of off-grid solar applications. Till March 2013, Rs.4337 crores of funds had been approved for activities under phase 1.

Phase 2

In phase 2, a target of 4 GW was planned to be developed under the central scheme and 6 GW under the various schemes specific to the state. The National Solar Mission envisaged installing around 10 GW of utility-scale solar power projects.

Implementation Model

The execution of the whole project is based on the following model that consists of:

  • Bundling scheme
  • Generation Based Incentive (GBI) Scheme
  • Viability Gap funding scheme

Phase 3

The target set was 100 GW of grid-connected solar plants. The target will basically comprise 40 GW Rooftop and 60 GW Large and Medium Scale Grid Connected Solar Power Projects.

Check out this article on the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan now.

Benefits of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
  • Among all the other advantages of solar energy, it being a truly renewable energy source is one of the most important. It will never conclude as far as the sun is there. Therefore, according to scientists, solar energy will be available for at least 5 billion years.
  • Solar power produces less pollution in the environment when compared to other energy sources like fossil fuels, wood, etc. So, it comes below green energy.
  • Most trustworthy manufacturers of solar panels offer 20-25 years of warranty, thus making maintenance costs less. It only requires proper cleaning of the panels several times a year.
  • Generating your electricity reduces the usage of electricity from the utility supplier. This will result in savings on your energy bill and will increase your self-reliance in terms of energy.
  • The grid is less susceptible to blackouts if there are many power plants. A grid with a high penetration of solar energy will have thousands of energy production centers that are extensively spread out. This will enhance the grid's security in case of overload or other natural or man-made disasters.
  • It reduces the reliance on LPG.
  • It generates employment opportunities.

Check out this article on the Cartagena protocol for UPSC now.

Achievements of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
  • To lower the risks faced by solar power producers, the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) was constituted as a significant procurement agency.
  • The creation of bigger projects to bring down capital investments in solar power generation projects by developing unified solar parks to offer a framework for solar power plants.
  • The renewable energy corridor was also instituted to build a devoted transmission grid for areas with abundant sunlight or wind to generate solar and wind energy.
  • Stations for monitoring solar radiation have been set up across India.

Significant Developments since 2014

  • The new government, as per its desire to offer electricity for all, has amended the target to create grid-connected solar power from 20 GW to 100 GW under the National Solar Mission (NSM).
  • The massive quantum jump in targets created huge demands for solar energy projects and equipment.
  • The 100 GW target was separated into two major segments, namely –
    • 60 GW of grid-connected ground-mounted big solar power plants, usually above 1 MW capacity.
    • 40 GW of rooftop solar power plants for the production of electricity.
  • Stressed to rope in central and state public sector units, defense institutions, and others engaged in developing projects on their unexploited land.
  • To ward off the trouble of limited land availability, novel ideas such as floating solar power plants, solar power plants over canals, and the use of barren land for solar power plants are being encouraged.
  • Revision in the Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO) targets to ease the acquisition of solar power, net metering, and interstate electricity acquisition by bulk consumers such as Delhi Metro.
  • Focus on skill development and indigenous production by creating the Skill Council for green jobs.

Check out this article on the National Green Tribunal now.

We hope all your doubts regarding the National Solar Mission have been addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides preparation material for different competitive examinations. Testbook has always ensured the quality of its products, like content pages, live tests, GK and current affairs, and mocks. Ace your UPSC preparations by downloading the Testbook App now!

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Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission - FAQs

The Indian renewable energy sector has the fourth most attractive renewable energy market across the globe. India was ranked in the fourth position in wind power as well as renewable power installed capacity and fifth position in solar power as of 2020.

The program was launched as the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission by former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 11th January, 2010 with a target of 20 GW by 2022. This was subsequently increased to 100 GW by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the 2015 Union budget of India.

Gujarat is one of the leading solar-developed states of India, with an overall installed solar power production capacity reaching 4,431 MW as of 31st March, 2021.

The main goal of the National Solar Mission is to build India as a global leader in solar energy, by establishing the policy conditions for its diffusion throughout the country as rapidly as possible.

Bhadla solar park is the world's largest solar park located in the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan in India and is spread across a total area of 14,000 acres.

The benefits of using solar power are as follows:Solar energy is an energy source that is renewable.It reduces the utilization costs.It is beneficial for the environment.It lessens the reliance on fossil fuels.
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