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Home / IAS Preparation / Government Schemes of India / National Urban Health Mission

National Urban Health Mission - Objectives, Features, Eligibility, Components, Benefits & More!

Last Updated on Oct 12, 2023
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The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) was formulated by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. It is a mission under the National Health Mission (NHM) approved by the Cabinet on 1st May 2013. NUHM intends to meet the healthcare needs of the urban poor by making essential healthcare services accessible and affordable. The program aims at providing an adequate and efficient public health delivery system for the urban poor.

In this article, we shall discuss in detail the National Urban Health Mission, its objectives, and some of the main features of the scheme that is important for the UPSC IAS Exam.

What is the National Urban Health Mission?

The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) is a centrally sponsored scheme. It was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, in 2013. The mission aims to improve the quality of healthcare and reduce the disease burden in urban areas.

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Objectives of the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)

The National Urban Health Mission’s objectives are as follows:

  • Availability of resources for the provision of health care to the urban poor.
  • Develop a need-based city-specific health care system that meets the medical needs of the urban poor and vulnerable sections.
  • Bringing up institutional mechanisms and management systems to meet the health risks of a dynamically changing urban population.
  • Partnership with local bodies for proactive involvement in planning, implementation, and monitoring of health activities.
  • Partnership with for-profit and not-for-profit health care providers, NGOs, and other stakeholders.
  • Reduction in Infant Mortality Rate and the Maternal Mortality Rate in the urban areas to 20 in 1000 and 1 in 1000, respectively.

Also, read the article Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana now.

Features of the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)

Here are the features of the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM):

  • The NUHM provides a comprehensive package of healthcare services. This includes primary healthcare, secondary healthcare, and public health interventions.
  • The NUHM aims to improve access to healthcare for all urban citizens. This especially includes the poor and marginalized.
  • The NUHM promotes preventive healthcare measures such as immunization, sanitation, and nutrition. This helps improve the health of the urban population.
  • The NUHM empowers urban local bodies to plan, implement, and monitor healthcare programs in their areas.
  • The NUHM uses ICT solutions, such as electronic medical records and telemedicine. This helps improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery.
  • The NUHM provides training to healthcare professionals and paramedical staff. It thus builds human resources for healthcare. 
  • The NUHM partners with other stakeholders to deliver healthcare services.

Also, read the article on PM Svanidhi now.

Components of the National Urban Health Mission

The components under the NUHM are listed and explained in the pointers below:

Population Policy

The National Population Policy of 2000 also stresses the need for integrated service delivery for reproductive and child health care apart from its focus on contraception needs. The policy aimed to bring about a reduction in:

  • Total Fertility Rate to replacement levels.
  • Infant Mortality Rate of less than 30 for every 1000 live births.
  • Maternal Mortality Rate of less than 100 for every 1,00,000 live births by 2010.

JSK (Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh)

  • The National Commission on Population constituted the National Population Stabilisation Fund (NPSF) in 2000.
  • In 2002, the NPSF was transferred to the Department of Health and Family Welfare.
  • In the year 2003, under the Societies Registration Act of 1860, the NPSF was reconstituted with the name Janasankhya Sthirata Kosh.

GIS (Geographical Information System) Mapping

  • Under the initiative, Jansankhya Sthirata Kosh mapped 450 districts by amalgamating GIS and Census data.
  • The mapping gives an account of each district’s subdivisions and the population of each village, along with the distance to the healthcare facility.
  • The mapping highlights the inequities of each district and helps enable the resources to meet the healthcare service targets.

Read about Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana here.

Eligibility for NUHM

Here are the eligibility criteria for the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM):

  • The NUHM is open to all citizens of India who live in urban areas.
  • There is no income criteria for the NUHM. However, the benefits of the scheme are targeted towards the poor and marginalized.
  • There is no age criteria for the NUHM. However, some services under the scheme may have age restrictions.
  • The NUHM benefits are available to all categories of people, including men, women, children, and the elderly.
  • The NUHM benefits are also available to people with disabilities.

Also, read the article on PM matru vandana yojana now.

Benefits of NUHM

Here are the benefits of the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM):

  • The NUHM has helped to increase the number of primary healthcare centers (PHCs) and community health centers (CHCs) in urban areas. This has made it easier for people to access healthcare.
  • The NUHM has promoted preventive healthcare measures, such as immunization, sanitation, and nutrition. This has helped to reduce the incidence of diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria.
  • The NUHM has empowered urban local bodies to implement and monitor healthcare programs in their areas. This has led to better coordination and efficiency in healthcare delivery.
  • The NUHM has used ICT solutions to improve the effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Healthcare providers can easily access patient records and provide remote consultations.
  • The NUHM has built human resources for healthcare by training healthcare professionals. This has helped to improve the quality of healthcare services in urban areas.
  • The NUHM has partnered with other stakeholders, such as the private sector and (NGOs) to deliver healthcare services. This has helped to expand the reach of healthcare services. This has made them more accessible to people.

Also, read the article on DHRUV - PM Innovative Learning Programme now.

Key Proposals under the National Urban Health Mission

The following proposals have been approved under the NUHM Scheme.

Proposals

Details

Urban Primary Health Centre (U-PHC)

The NUHM ensures the presence of an Urban Primary Health Centre (U-PHC) within a 1km radius of a slum that provides primary lab diagnosis and outpatient department (OPD) consultation.

Urban Community Health Centre (U-CHC)

The NUHM ensures the presence of an Urban Commercial Health Centre(U-CHC) for every 4-5 U-PHCs that provides medical care, surgical facilities, and delivery facilities with bedding services.

Urban Social Health Activist (USHA)

The scheme requires all the slums to have Urban Social Health Activist (USHA) workers who act as a link between the Urban Primary Health Centre and the slum dwellers. USHA workers deliver the required services to doorsteps.

Auxiliary Nurse Midwives(ANM)

NUHM posts Auxiliary Nurse Midwives(ANM) in primary healthcare centres to conduct outreach sessions that include free check-ups, counselling, and drug dispensing to the vulnerable population.

Mahila Arogya Samiti(MAS)

NUHM developed Mahila Arogya Samiti, a community-based group that works to gather monetary resources for unexpected expenses of the community members in terms of their healthcare treatments.

Check out the article on Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.

Funding Pattern of National Urban Health Mission

The funding for NUHM is split between the Central government and the State government. The Programme Implementation Plans (PIPs) that are sent by the states are approved by the Ministry.

  • For all the states except North-Eastern states that include Sikkim, the centre-state funding pattern of the National Urban Health Mission is in the ratio of 75:25.
  • For all other special category states like Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, the centre-state funding pattern of the National Urban Health Mission is in the ratio of 90:10.

Check out this article on Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana here!

National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) for UPSC – Download PDF Here!

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National Urban Health Mission FAQs

With the increase in scientific advancements and technologies in the healthcare sector, service costs are also increasing. To address the healthcare needs of the urban population, especially the urban poor, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare formulated the National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a part of the National Health Mission (NHM).

Marginalized sections of the urban population can get access to cost-effective healthcare services, Increased disease awareness among the target group has influenced them to visit health centres for frequent check-ups and Control on the spread of diseases with health thrust on social determinants, sanitation and clean drinking water. 

The Mission Steering Group works as the apex body for NUHM. Each and every Municipality, a Notified Area Committee, Town Panchayat, and Municipal Corporation will become a planning unit with its own approved norms for setting up facilities. The plans of the Municipalities, Notified Areas, and Town Panchayats will be a part of the District Health Action Plan. The Municipal Corporations will have a separate plan as per urban area norms.

NUHM has several community-based groups for serving different healthcare requirements of the communities. The Mahila Arogya Samiti (MAS) promotes the necessity of a change in health and hygiene behaviour among the population. NUHM has brought up Mahila Arogya Samitis to gather the required monetary resources for sudden expenses of the community members in terms of their healthcare treatments.

NUHM promotes an Urban Social Health Activist (USHA) in urban poor settlements. A USHA worker is around 25-45 years of age and resides in a slum. One worker will look after 250-500 households and has around 1000-2500 beneficiaries delivering services at doorsteps. A USHA worker works as a link between the Urban Primary Health Centre(U-PHC) and the slum population.

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