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Home / IAS Preparation / Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955

Introduction: Unveiling the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955

Last Updated on Jun 14, 2023
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India, in its tryst to eradicate the blights of social discrimination, introduced the Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1955. This significant legislation's genesis lies in the ambition to obliterate the ages-old practice of untouchability that had plagued the Indian society for centuries. To fully understand the nuances of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, we need to delve deep into its inception, provisions, and impacts, bearing in mind that the fight against societal prejudice is an ongoing process.

What is the Protection of Civil Rights Act?

Also known as the PCR Act 1955, the Protection of Civil Rights Act aimed to enforce the constitutional provision of abolition of untouchability, as stated in Article 17. The act underscores the state's obligation to protect civil rights, prescribing punishment for those indulging in any form of untouchability or discrimination.

The act's key purpose is to make certain that every citizen, irrespective of caste, creed, or race, enjoys civil rights without any hindrance. To uphold these values, it stipulates punitive measures, in the form of fines and imprisonment, for those indulging in prejudiced practices that violate civil rights.

Key Provisions of the PCR Act, 1955

Key provisions of the PCR Act, 1955 are discussed below.

Definition of Civil Rights

The Act defines civil rights as any right accruing to a person by reason of the abolition of untouchability by Article 17 of the Constitution of India.

Penalties for Enforcing Untouchability

The Act states that whoever practices untouchability in any form shall be punishable with imprisonment, which may extend to six months or with a fine or both.

Abetment

If a person encourages or abets the enforcement of untouchability, he/she will be punished as if they themselves committed the offence.

Attempt

Any attempt to commit any offence under this Act shall be punishable with the punishment provided for the offence.

Non-Applicability of Certain Laws

The Act states that no law providing for a period of limitation inconsistent with the provisions of the Act shall apply.

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Historical Perspective of Abolition of Untouchability

The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, stands as a beacon of change, highlighting the country's commitment to the abolition of untouchability. This practice, which historically dehumanized and ostracized certain segments of society, has been condemned and outlawed in India.

The Indian constitution, through Article 17, unequivocally declares untouchability as a punishable offence. Yet, the persistence of such discriminatory practices necessitated a more detailed legislative tool, giving birth to the PCR Act 1955. This law's objective was not merely to prohibit untouchability but to pave the way for social inclusivity and equal treatment of all citizens.

Punishment for Enforcing Religious Disabilities

The Act strongly prohibits any form of religious discrimination or disability. Those enforcing such religious disabilities, preventing individuals from entering public religious institutions, or restricting them from performing religious practices, are liable to face punishment.

Punishment for Enforcing Social Disabilities

The PCR Act, 1955, also provides a mechanism to punish those who enforce social disabilities. For instance, if a person is discriminated against in terms of access to public utilities or services, the Act stipulates punishment for the perpetrators.

Punishment for Refusing to Admit Persons

The Act further extends its scope to educational institutions. It imposes penalties on those who refuse admission to individuals based on untouchability or any form of discrimination. This provision ensures that every citizen has equal access to educational opportunities.

Punishment for Refusing to Sell Goods or Render Services

The Act goes a step further by including punishment for individuals who refuse to sell goods or render services based on untouchability or discrimination. This provision reflects the Act's comprehensive approach to abolish all forms of untouchability-related prejudices in society.

Punishment for Other Offenses Arising out of Untouchability

The PCR Act, 1955, also includes punitive provisions for other offenses connected with untouchability. These can range from offensive acts of public humiliation to the violation of individuals' rights to property, all of which the Act categorizes as punishable offenses.

Implications for UPSC Aspirants: The PCR Act 1955 in Focus

For those preparing for the UPSC exams, understanding the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, involves more than merely familiarizing themselves with its legal tenets. It's about acknowledging the historical fight against social discrimination and understanding India's ongoing journey towards inclusivity.

The PCR Act 1955 serves as an important cornerstone for comprehending India's socio-political structure, making it an integral part of the UPSC syllabus. A deep understanding of the Act provides profound insights into Indian society's complexities and the ceaseless battle against discriminatory practices.

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Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 FAQs

The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, was introduced to eradicate untouchability and ensure that all citizens enjoy civil rights without any discrimination.

The Act states that anyone practicing untouchability in any form can face imprisonment extending up to six months, a fine, or both.

The Act defines civil rights as any right accruing to a person by virtue of the abolition of untouchability under Article 17 of the Constitution of India.

Yes, any individual who encourages or abets the enforcement of untouchability will face punishment as if they committed the offense themselves.

The PCR Act 1955 is essential for UPSC aspirants as it offers valuable insights into India's socio-political fabric, reflecting the country's struggle against discriminatory practices. Understanding the Act helps in comprehending India's progress towards social inclusivity. This detailed discussion on the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, strives to highlight the essential aspects of this pivotal legislation, emphasizing the Indian state's unwavering commitment to preserving civil rights and fostering equality. With its strong stance against social discrimination, the PCR Act 1955 is a testament to India's constant pursuit of a fair society.
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