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Somalia India Relations: Trade, Agreements, Recent Developments - UPSC Notes

Last Updated on Jun 03, 2025
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Bilateral Ties
Albania India Relations India Algeria Relations Andorra India Relations India Angola Relations India Antigua Barbuda Relations India Argentina Relations Austria India Relations India Azerbaijan Relations Bahamas India Relations India Bahrain Relations Barbados India Relations India Belarus Relations Belgium India Relations Belize India Relations Benin India Relations Bolivia India Relations India Bosnia Herzegovina Relations India Botswana Relations Brazil India Relations Brunei India Relations Bulgaria India Relations Burundi India Relations Cabo Verde India Relations India Cambodia Relations India Cameroon Relations Canada India Relations India Cayman Islands Relations India Central African Republic Relations India Chad Relations Chile India Relations India Colombia Relations India Comoros Relations India Democratic Republic Of The Congo Relations India Republic Of The Congo Relations India Cook Islands Relations India Costa Rica Relations India Ivory Coast Relations India Croatia Relations India Cyprus Relations India Czech Republic Relations India Djibouti Relations India Dominica Relations India Dominican Republic Relations India Ecuador Relations India El Salvador Relations India Equatorial Guinea Relations India Eritrea Relations Estonia India Relations India Ethiopia Relations India Fiji Relations India Finland Relations India Gabon Relations India Gambia Relations India Georgia Relations Germany India Relations India Ghana Relations India Greece Relations India Grenada Relations India Guatemala Relations India Guinea Relations India Guinea Bissau Relations India Guyana Relations India Haiti Relations India Holy See Relations India Honduras Relations India Hong Kong Relations India Hungary Relations India Iceland Relations India Indonesia Relations India Iran Relations India Iraq Relations India Ireland Relations India Jamaica Relations India Kazakhstan Relations India Kenya Relations India Kingdom Of Eswatini Relations India Kiribati Relations India Kuwait Relations India Kyrgyzstan Relations India Laos Relations Latvia India Relations India Lebanon Relations India Lesotho Relations India Liberia Relations Libya India Relations Liechtenstein India Relations India Lithuania Relations India Luxembourg Relations India Macao Relations Madagascar India Relations India Malawi Relations India Mali Relations India Malta Relations India Marshall Islands Relations India Mauritania Relations India Micronesia Relations India Moldova Relations Monaco India Relations India Montenegro Relations India Montserrat Relations India Morocco Relations Mozambique India Relations India Namibia Relations India Nauru Relations Netherlands India Relations India Nicaragua Relations India Niger Relations India Nigeria Relations India Niue Relations India North Macedonia Relations Norway India Relations India Palau Relations India Panama Relations India Papua New Guinea Relations India Paraguay Relations Peru India Relations India Philippines Relations Qatar India Relations India Romania Relations Rwanda India Relations India Saint Kitts And Nevis Relations India Saint Lucia Relations India Saint Vincent And Grenadines Relations India Samoa Relations India Sao Tome And Principe Relations Saudi Arabia India Relations India Senegal Relations Serbia India Relations India Sierra Leone Relations India Singapore Relations India Slovak Republic Relations India Slovenia Relations India Solomon Islands Relations Somalia India Relations India South Sudan Relations India Spain Relations India Sudan Relations Suriname India Relations India Sweden Relations India Syria Relations India Tajikistan Relations Tanzania India Relations India Togo Relations India Tonga Islands Relations India Trinidad And Tobago Relations India Tunisia Relations India Turkmenistan Relations India Turks And Caicos Islands Relations India Tuvalu Relations India Uganda Relations India Ukraine Relations India Uae Relations India Uruguay Relations India Uzbekistan Relations India Vanuatu Relations India Venezuela Relations India British Virgin Islands Relations Yemen India Relations India Zambia Relations India Zimbabwe Relations

India and Somalia enjoy strong bilateral relations grounded in shared values and international cooperation. Serving as a regional power in the Africa, Somalia has a considerable impact on global political and security issues. India’s diplomatic ties with Somalia began in 1960, opening doors to mutual growth and collaboration. India and Somalia have a Indian Embassy in Nairobi concurrently accredited, Somalia has Embassy, New Delhi, with each country hosting an embassy in the other’s capital for effective communication. India and Somalia share a Maritime security, Horn of Africa, Indian Ocean commerce that typically involves defense collaboration, economic alliances, cultural exchanges, and joint efforts on global security matters. 

  • India and Somalia cooperate in Trade, capacity building, maritime security, education, humanitarian aid such as defense, nuclear energy, trade, space, oil and gas, cybersecurity, culture, and education. 
  • Significant pacts covering areas like Agreement for Transfer of Sentenced Persons (2017) have been established between India and Somalia to strengthen collaboration. 
  • India and Somalia report a trade volume of USD 80854 million (2023), signaling further growth in their economic engagement. 
  • As part of steady trade relations, India exports Raw sugar, rice, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles to Somalia to meet shared economic interests. 
  • India’s trade with Somalia often features Scrap iron, oily seeds, industrial fatty acids/alcohols, hides as key imported goods. 

Through active cooperation in ITEC scholarships, ICCR scholarships, Pan African e-Network project, India and Somalia invest in future-ready skills and tech partnerships. The article highlights Joint Commissions, Taxation Agreements, and Education Cooperation with Somalia India Relations, relevant for aspirants targeting Mains GS-II and PSIR enrichment. 

Somalia India Relations Overview for UPSC

Country Name

Somalia

Region / Continent

Africa

Year of Establishment of Ties

1960

Level of Diplomatic Mission

Indian Embassy in Nairobi concurrently accredited, Somalia has Embassy, New Delhi

Strategic Importance

Maritime security, Horn of Africa, Indian Ocean commerce

Major Areas of Cooperation

Trade, capacity building, maritime security, education, humanitarian aid

Key Bilateral Agreements

Agreement for Transfer of Sentenced Persons (2017)

Bilateral Trade Volume (Latest FY)

USD 80854 million (2023)

Top Indian Exports to Partner

Raw sugar, rice, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles

Top Indian Imports from Partner

Scrap iron, oily seeds, industrial fatty acids/alcohols, hides

Technology & Education

ITEC scholarships, ICCR scholarships, Pan African e-Network project

Indian Diaspora

Approximately 100 NRIs, 500 PIOs

 

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Somalia India Relations Establishment of Diplomatic Ties

Ancient maritime trade links, Formal ties post-1960 independence laid the foundation for the present-day relationship between India and Somalia. Leaders from both India and Somalia have made impactful visits in the past, including Somali PM (1963), President (1968, 2015), Indian MoS (1992, 2015), enhancing bilateral dialogue. 

  • India and Somalia have experienced tensions in the past, including Indian Embassy closure (1991) due to civil war, which impacted diplomatic ties. 
  • Pre-1991 active, Post-1991 through concurrent accreditation, Renewed focus illustrate the progression of India’s engagement with Somalia, from early ties to strategic collaboration.

Somalia India Relations - Establishment of Diplomatic Ties

Initial Engagements

Ancient maritime trade links, Formal ties post-1960 independence

High-Level Visits (Historic)

Somali PM (1963), President (1968, 2015), Indian MoS (1992, 2015)

Past Conflicts or Tensions

Indian Embassy closure (1991) due to civil war

Phases of Engagement

Pre-1991 active, Post-1991 through concurrent accreditation, Renewed focus

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Strategic & Political Cooperation of Somalia India Relations

The India-Somalia relationship is of Maritime security, Horn of Africa, Indian Ocean commerce, with defense collaboration, economic partnerships, cultural interactions, and aligned global security priorities forming key components. 

  • Anti-piracy operations, UN peacekeeping (UNOSOM II) reflects the growing military collaboration between India and Somalia through joint training, arms trade, and naval support. 
  • Cooperation in information sharing, regional security forums includes cooperation between India and Somalia on terrorist tracking, rapid response, and secure communication. 
  • India’s E-passport solution (2005), Pan African e-Network efforts with Somalia focus on joint research, innovation, and preparedness against emerging cyber threats. 
  • India and Somalia collaborate through United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Indian Ocean Rim Association to address global challenges and promote cooperation. 
  • Expressed Somali interest in Indian involvement in oil exploration plays a key role in India–Somalia ties, facilitating joint ventures in both renewable and conventional energy sectors. 
  • No DTAA, Discussions on economic cooperation ongoing support mutual economic interests by promoting fiscal clarity between India and Somalia.

Strategic & Political Cooperation of Somalia India Relations

Strategic Importance

Maritime security, Horn of Africa, Indian Ocean commerce

Defense Cooperation

Anti-piracy operations, UN peacekeeping (UNOSOM II)

Counter-terrorism / Intelligence

Cooperation in information sharing, regional security forums

Cyber-security & Tech Sharing

E-passport solution (2005), Pan African e-Network

Multilateral Groupings

United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Indian Ocean Rim Association

Energy Cooperation

Expressed Somali interest in Indian involvement in oil exploration

Space Cooperation

N/A

Tourism & Air-Services Agreements

N/A

Taxation Agreements

No DTAA, Discussions on economic cooperation ongoing

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Trade and Economic Overview of Somalia India Relations
  • In order to deepen bilateral relations, India and Somalia have committed to agreements in key areas such as Agreement for Transfer of Sentenced Persons (2017). 
  • The bilateral trade between India and Somalia stands at USD 80854 million (2023), reflecting increasing economic interdependence. 
  • Investment flows involve MoU on investment promotion (2022), Limited but growing, as well as shared projects aimed at enhancing mutual investment ties. 
  • Discussions during high-level visits and forums like IAFS, typically held once or twice a year, focus on reviewing and strengthening the economic and trade partnerships. 
  • India and Somalia have introduced a series of Humanitarian aid, development assistance (medicines, buses, food grains) to foster long-term economic prosperity and financial collaboration. 
  • According to trade statistics, USD 309 million (2023) was the total export value to India from Somalia. 
  • India regularly exports Raw sugar, rice, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles to Somalia, supporting mutual trade ties and economic collaboration across multiple sectors. 

Imports from India to Somalia were valued at USD 780 million (2023). India is represented in Somalia by firms such as Primarily in trading, services, SRIT (e-passport), strengthening economic links.

Trade and Economic Overview of Somalia India Relations

Bilateral Trade Volume (Latest FY)

USD 80854 million (2023)

Top Indian Exports to Partner

Raw sugar, rice, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles

Top Indian Imports from Partner

Scrap iron, oily seeds, industrial fatty acids/alcohols, hides

Key Bilateral Agreements

Agreement for Transfer of Sentenced Persons (2017)

Investment Flows (FDI both ways)

MoU on investment promotion (2022), Limited but growing

Joint Economic Commissions / Dialogues

Discussions during high-level visits and forums like IAFS

Lines of Credit

Humanitarian aid, development assistance (medicines, buses, food grains)

Export to India (In $)

USD 309 million (2023)

Import from India (In $)

USD 780 million (2023)

Indian Companies Operating There

Primarily in trading, services, SRIT (e-passport)

Socio-Cultural & Diaspora Engagement

India and Somalia thrive from the positive influence of their diaspora, which significantly impacts Historic trading community, current small business presence. Through ICCR scholarships, promotion of Yoga, India and the other country share traditions and build friendly relations. By promoting Scholarships (ITEC, ICCR, IAFS), e-VBAB Network Project, India and the partner country are creating more chances for education. 

  • The Indian-origin population in Somalia helps solidify the cultural and economic ties between the two countries. 
  • Leveraging Development aid, capacity building, humanitarian assistance, anti-piracy patrols, India and Somalia work to enhance their strategic importance and increase their global reach.

Socio-Cultural & Diaspora Engagement

Indian Diaspora

Approximately 100 NRIs, 500 PIOs

Diaspora Remittances

N/A (Specific data for India-Somalia remittances)

Role of Diaspora

Historic trading community, current small business presence

Cultural Exchanges

ICCR scholarships, promotion of Yoga

Education Cooperation

Scholarships (ITEC, ICCR, IAFS), e-VBAB Network Project

Hard Power & Soft Power Instruments

Development aid, capacity building, humanitarian assistance, anti-piracy patrols

Somalia India Relations Recent Developments

High-level engagements, including Somali Defence Minister (2020 for DefExpo), have reaffirmed mutual commitment to peace, development, and collaboration. MoU on investment promotion (2022) reflect evolving priorities in areas such as financial technology, clean energy, and public services. 

  • India’s collaboration with Somalia includes Capacity building programs (e-ITEC, e-VBAB), educational scholarships, contributing to long-term partnerships. 
  • While the partnership is strong, Somalia's internal security, piracy, limited direct diplomatic presence continue to require policy-level attention. 
  • India and Somalia hold promising Enhanced maritime security cooperation, trade expansion, capacity building in multiple areas of bilateral cooperation.

Somalia India Relations Recent Developments & Future Outlook

Recent High-Level Visits

Somali Defence Minister (2020 for DefExpo)

Recent Agreements Signed

MoU on investment promotion (2022)

Ongoing Projects

Capacity building programs (e-ITEC, e-VBAB), educational scholarships

Challenges / Issues

Somalia's internal security, piracy, limited direct diplomatic presence

Future Prospects

Enhanced maritime security cooperation, trade expansion, capacity building

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UPSC Relevance of Somalia India Relations
  • Data on trade volumes, diaspora statistics, and agreements are useful for objective-type questions.
  • Economic cooperation and trade agreements with Somalia support GS3 answers related to India’s external sector and economic diplomacy.
  • This theme can be integrated into philosophical essays discussing global responsibility, cooperation, and equity.
  • For Anthropology or Sociology, diaspora dynamics offer relevant case material on migration and cultural integration.

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