'Natyashashtra', the earliest text dealing with performing arts (dances and music), was compiled by which sage? 

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  1. Sakya 
  2. Bharata 
  3. Valmiki
  4. Agastya

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Bharata 
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The correct answer is Bharata.

Key Points

  • The 'Natyashastra' is an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance, and music.
  • It was written by the sage Bharata Muni, who is regarded as the father of Indian theatrical art forms.
  • The text is believed to have been composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE.
  • 'Natyashastra' consists of 36 chapters with a total of 6000 shlokas (verses).
  • It provides a detailed description of various aspects of stage performance, including music, dance, stage design, and the art of acting.

Additional Information

  • Bharata Muni: He is considered one of the pioneers in the field of dramatics and performing arts in India.
  • Rasa Theory: The 'Natyashastra' introduces the concept of 'Rasa,' which refers to the emotional essence or flavor that the audience experiences during a performance.
  • Eight Rasas: The text identifies eight primary Rasas: Shringara (love), Hasya (laughter), Karuna (sorrow), Raudra (anger), Veera (heroism), Bhayanaka (fear), Bibhatsa (disgust), and Adbhuta (wonder).
  • Dance Forms: The 'Natyashastra' outlines the classical dance forms of Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, and others.
  • Significance: The 'Natyashastra' is a foundational text for classical Indian dance and theatre, influencing various art forms and cultural practices in India.
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